The Circulatory System

Front 1

heart

Back 1

a muscular organ located behind the sternum

Front 2

mediastinum

Back 2

The space between the lungs where the heart lies

Front 3

myocardium

Back 3

the heart muscle is referred to as the _______.

Front 4

pericardium also known as pericardial sac

Back 4

a thick fibrous membrane that surrounds the heart

Front 5

serous pericardium

Back 5

the inner membrane of the pericardium

Front 6

visceral layer

epicardium

Back 6

part of the pericardium that lies closely against the heart

Front 7

parietal layer

Back 7

is separated from the visceral layer by a small amount of parricidal fluid that reduces friction within the pericardial sac

Front 8

interatrial septum

Back 8

separates the two atria

Front 9

inter ventricular septum

Back 9

thicker wall separates the right and left ventricle

Front 10

Ventricle

Back 10

pumps blood out of the heart

(left pumps blood to lungs

right pumps blood to rest of body)

Front 11

coronary sinus

Back 11

blood enters the right atrium via the superior and inferior vena cavae and the _________.

Front 12

fossa ovalis

Back 12

between the right and left atrium is the _________ this represents the former location of the foramen ovale, an opening between the two atria that is present in the fetus.

Front 13

tricuspid valves

Back 13

separates the right atrium from the ventricle and has composed of 3 cusps

Front 14

mitral or bicuspid valve

Back 14

separates the left atria and left ventricle, consists of two cusps

Front 15

myocardial infarction

Back 15

complete blockage of an artery that supplies oxygen to the heart results in death to a portion of the myocardium or a _____________

Front 16

pulmonic valve

Back 16

regulates blood flow from the right ventricle to the aorta

Front 17

aortic valve

Back 17

regulates blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta

Front 18

superior vena cava

inferior vena cava

Back 18

two large veins that return deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium.

Front 19

aorta

Back 19

the bodys largest artery

Front 20

pericarditis

Back 20

infection or inflammation of the pericardial membranes causing severe chest pain

Front 21

pericardial effusion

Back 21

if the pericardial sac filled with too much fluid

Front 22

cardiac tamponade

Back 22

when enough fluid enters the pericardial sac to restrict filling of the heart a condition known as __________ exists and life threatening shock rapidly develops.

Front 23

rheumatic fever

Back 23

an acute condition that affects children and young adults. the valve cusps become rigid, failing to open and close properly

Front 24

ischemia

Back 24

occurs when arterial blood flow to a localized tissue site is decreased

Front 25

endocarditis

Back 25

an infection of a heart valve

Front 26

sinoatrial node

Back 26

ls located in the right atrium and is the normal site of origin of the electrical impulse. the hearts natural pace maker

Front 27

atrioventricular node

Back 27

located inn the right atrium adjacent to the septum. type of node

Front 28

bundle of his

Back 28

a continuation of the AV node. electrical activity quickly moves from this to the right and left bundle branches.

Front 29

excitability

Back 29

the ability of the cells to respond to electrical impulses

Front 30

conductivity

Back 30

the ability of the cells to conduct electrical impulses

Front 31

automaticity

Back 31

cardiac cells possess an ability to generate an impulse to contract even when there is no external nerve stimulus

Front 32

leukocyte

Back 32

another name for a white blood cell

Front 33

white blood cells or leukocyte

Back 33

primary function is to fight infection. they leave the blood stream to engulf and kill invaders

Front 34

beta effect

Back 34

effect that increases heart rate

Front 35

cardiac output

Back 35

is defined by the amount of blood pumped out in one minute

Front 36

after load

Back 36

the pressure in the aorta in which the left ventricle must pump against

Front 37

stoke volume

Back 37

the percentage of blood that leaves the heart each time is contracts

Front 38

sinus arrhythmia

Back 38

regular rhythm that originates in the sa node but is irregular and could be caused by respiration.

Front 39

two

Back 39

how many coronary arteries there are

Front 40

erythropoiesis

Back 40

the process of making rbc's (red blood count)

Front 41

distolic

Back 41

the pressure of the blood filling the left ventricle

Front 42

semi lunar

Back 42

valves that are located between the ventricles and the arteries into which they empty

Front 43

atrial fibrillation

Back 43

heart rhythm that is irregularly irregular and has no p waves

Front 44

sinus tachycardia

Back 44

regular rhythm that originates in the sa node but is over 100 bpm

Front 45

endocardium

Back 45

the inner most layer of the heart

Front 46

LAD

Back 46

left anterior defending artery

Front 47

anemia

Back 47

term used when rbc count is lower than normal

Front 48

epicardium

Back 48

the outermost layer of the heart

Front 49

automaticity

Back 49

the ability to self depolarize

Front 50

basophil granulocyte

Back 50

granulocyte that stores histamine for allergic reaction

Front 51

RCA

Back 51

right coronary artery

Front 52

macro phages

Back 52

larger eaters, the garbage collectors of the immune system, phagocyte

Front 53

mayocardium

Back 53

the middle layer of the heart

Front 54

intima

Back 54

tunica _______ the inner most part of the blood vessel

Front 55

repolorization

Back 55

the return of the muscle cell to its resting state

Front 56

platelet

Back 56

another name for a thrombocyte

Front 57

media

Back 57

tunica ________ the middle part of the blood vessel

Front 58

atrial flutter

Back 58

heart rhythm that is irregularly irregular that has saw tooth flutter waves

Front 59

adventitia

Back 59

tunia ________ the outer portion of the blood vessel

Front 60

beta

Back 60

effect that increases heart conductivity

Front 61

circumbflex

Back 61

portion of the left coronary artery that feed the posterior heart

Front 62

hemostasis

Back 62

term used to describe the 3 mechanisms to stop blood loss

Front 63

inotropic state

Back 63

effect that affects the hearts strength of contaction

Front 64

heprin

Back 64

substance released by basophils that inhibit blood clotting

Front 65

water

Back 65

plasma is made up of 90-92% of this

Front 66

dromotropic

Back 66

the hearts rate of conduction

Front 67

chronotropic

Back 67

the hearts rate of contraction

Front 68

Raynaud's phenomenon

Back 68

occurs when spasms in the digital arteries develop, particularly following emotional stress or exposed to cold. Finger tips become white and cool.

Front 69

Subclavian veins

Back 69

internal jugular veins join the _______ (the proximal part of the main vein of the arm.)

Front 70

basilica vein

cephalic vein

Back 70

two major veins of the arm. Both veins combine to form the axillary vein

Front 71

plasma

Back 71

a watery, straw colored fluid that accounts for more than half of the total blood volume.

Front 72

erythrocyte

Back 72

red blood cells are also known as ___________.

Front 73

Macrophages

Back 73

protect the body against infection. also are used to help in the decomposition of old red blood cells

Front 74

antigens

Back 74

erythrocytes (aka rbc's) contain _______ on their surface. These are proteins recognized by the immune system.

Front 75

antibodies

Back 75

within the plasma are ______ which are
proteins that react with antigens

Front 76

erythroblastosis fetalis

Back 76

condition when a mother is exposed to a small amount of fetal blood. if the mother is Rh + and the fetus blood is Rh- the mother will develop antibodies which can be passed to the fetus and destroy its rbc.

Front 77

Leukocytes

Back 77

white blood cells are also called _________.

Front 78

Diapedesis

Back 78

most leukocytes are motile and leave the blood vessels by a process known as _______ to move toward the tissue where they are needed most.

Front 79

basophil

Back 79

_______ are the least common granulocyte and contain a large amount of histamine, a substance that increases tissue inflammation and heparin

Front 80

Heprin

Back 80

a substance that inhibits blood clotting.

Front 81

chronotropic state

Back 81

the hearts rate of contraction

Front 82

dromotropic

Back 82

the hearts rate of conduction

Front 83

inotropic

Back 83

the hearts strength of contraction