The Cardiovascular System

Front 1

Striated Fibers

Back 1

On myocardium interconnect to make portions of the heart contract in a unified manner

Front 2

Hear functions as 2 separate pumps:

Back 2

-One receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs for aeration (pulmonary circulation)

-The other receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it throughout the systemic circulation

Front 3

Pressure Changes

Back 3

Created during the cardiac cycle and act on the heart's valves to provide one-way blood flow in the vascular circuit

Front 4

Pressure changes within arterial vessels

Back 4

Surge of blood with ventricular contraction creates these changes.

Ventricular contraction generates systolic blood pressure, the highest pressure during the cardiac cycle.

Diastolic pressure represents the lowest pressure before the next ventricular contraction

Front 5

Dense capillary network

Back 5

Provides a large and effective surface for exchange of chemicals between the blood and surrounding tissues.

These tiny diameter blood vessels possess autoregulatory capacity to adjust blood flow in response to the tissue's metabolic activity

Front 6

Venous Tree

Back 6

Contains largest portion of central blood volume at rest, but an increase in venous tone (venoconstriction) probs contributes little to the redistribution of blood during exercise

Front 7

Skeletal muscle action

Back 7

Skeletal muscles compress and relax the veins imparting considerable energy to facilitate venous return.

This muscle pump provides additional justification for active recovery immediately following vigorous exercise

Front 8

High blood pressure

Back 8

1 of 3/4 people experience chronic high blood pressure

Hypertension imposes a chronic cardiovascular stress that eventually damages arterial vessels and leads to arteriosclerosis, heart disease, stroke and kidney failure

Front 9

Systolic Blood Pressure

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Back 9

Increases in proportion to O2 consumption and blood flow during graded exercise.

Remains relatively unchanged/decreases slightly

At the same exercise levels, upper body exercise produces a greater rise in systolic pressure than leg exercises

Front 10

Blood pressure after exercise

Back 10

Decreases below the preexercise level and may remain lower for up to 12hrs

Front 11

Isometric, free-weight and hydraulic resistance exercises:

Back 11

Peak systolic and diastolic blood pressures mirror a hypertensive state.

Performing high-intensity resistance exercises pose a risk to individuals with hypertension/heart disease

Front 12

At rest

Back 12

Myocardium extracts approx 80% of the O2 flowing through the coronary arteries.

Increase in coronary blood flow primarily provides for myocardial O2 need in exercise

Front 13

Myocardium

Back 13

Requires continual and adequate O2 supply.

Coronary blood flow impairment initiates chest pains (angina); blockage of a coronary artery causes irreversible damage to the hear muscle (myocardial infarction)

Front 14

Myocardial workload:

Back 14

Can be estimates from the rate-pressure product (heart rate x systolic blood pressure)

Front 15

Energy supply to maintain myocardial function:

Back 15

Comes from metabolism of glucose, fatty acids,and circulating lactate.

Their percentage use varies with severity and duration of exercise and the individual's training status