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179 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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amitabha buddah
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the buddah of the western paradise, a bliss-body buddha in mahayana
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anatman
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"no self" the doctrine that there is no soudl or permanent essence in people and things
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anichcha
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impermanence, constant change
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arhat
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in theravada
a person who has practiced monastic disciplines and reached nirvana, the ideal. |
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dodhi
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enlightenment
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bodhisattva
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"enlightenment being"
in mahayana, aperson of deep compassion, especially one who does not enter nirvana but is constantly reborn to help others; a heavenly being of compassion |
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dharma
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refers to Buddhist religion, norm, way of life/thought, and teachings of Gautama
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dhyana
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"meditation"
focusing of the mind; sometimes, stages of trance |
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dukkha
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sorrow, misery
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guanyin
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a popular bodhisattva of compassion in mahayana
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karuna
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compassion, empathy
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koan
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in chan and zen buddhism, a question that cannot be answered logically, a technique used to test consciousness and bring awakening
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lama
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a tibetan buddhist teachers, a title of honor often given to all tibetan monks
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maitreya
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a buddha expected to appear on earth in the future
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mandala
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a circular design containing deities, geometrical forms, symbols, and so on that represent totality, the self, or the universe
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mudra
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a symbolic hand gesture
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nirvana
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the release from suffering and rebirth that brings inner peace
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samadhi
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a state of deep awareness, the result of intensive meditation
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samsara
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constant rebirth and the attendant suffering, the everyday world of change
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sangha
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the community of monks and nuns, lowercased, sagna refers to an individual monastic community
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satori
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in zen, the enlightened awareness
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shunyata
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the mahayna notion of emptiness, meaning that the universe is empty of permanent reality
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stupa
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a shrine, usually in the shape of a dome, used to mark buddhist relics or sacred sites
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sutra
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a sacred text, especially one said to record the words of buddha
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tathata
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"thatness" "thusness" "suchness"
the uniqueness of each changing moment of reality |
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trikaya
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the three "bodies" of the buddha-dharmakaya, the nirmanakaya, sambhogakaya
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Tripitaka
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the three "basketss" or collections of buddhist texts
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vajra
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the "diamond" scepter used in tibetan and other types of buddhist ritual, symbolizing compassion.
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When did buddhism emerge?
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In 6 c BCE, The Axis Age
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Therevada
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-more conservative
-reaching nirvana through meditation and detachments -monks=path to nirvana -Buddha is above all men |
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Mahayana
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china, korea, japan
-nirvana is for everyone, not just monks -Buddha is divine character -there are more men like Buddha -everyone is a potential buddah |
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What does Theravada mean?
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small vehicle
way of the elders |
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What does Mahayana mean?
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large vehicle
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Bodh Gaya
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the place of buddha's enlightenment
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What are the four noble truths?
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1. Suffering pervades life
2. Suffering arises from cravings 3. Suffering ends when craving ceases 4. Desire can be ended by following eight fold path |
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What does Buddha mean?
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"awakened one"
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What does Tripitaka mean?
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"three baskets"
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What is the Tripitaka?
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-first buddhist scriptures
-written in Pali language -guidelines of how to live, describes the nature of exhistance |
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What makes up the Tripitaka?
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three jewels
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What are the three jewels?
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Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha
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What does nirvana literally mean?
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"extinguished"
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Why is Buddhism considered a nontheistic religion? (5)
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-no personal god
-no creator -no unchanging reality -no belief in Hindu Brahman -Buddha was human |
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What does Buddhism and Jainism have in common? (4)
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-emerged in India
-liberation of self from suffering in living world -from kshatriya (warrior) caste -denied vedas and rituals |
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4 things Buddhism rejects...
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-vedas/practices
-caste system -gener and social limitations -belief in permanent spiritual reality |
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4 things from Hinduism still present in Buddhism....
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-ahimsa
-samsara -karma -moksha |
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What are the main locations of Theravada Buddhism?
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thailand,cambodia, sri lanka, laos
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What is the eightfold path?
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1. Wisdom
2. Right view 3. Right speech 4. Right action 5. Right living meditation 6. Right effort 7. Right mindfulness 8. Right concentration |
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What are the main locations of Mahayana Buddhism?
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China, Korea, Tibet, and Japan
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Who was king Ashoka?
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He spread Buddhism outside of India by sending out missionaries
Condemmed the slaughter of animals 3rd c. BCE Mauryan Empire |
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Goal of Theravada
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become an arhat
glorifications of the monk way of life |
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How do lay people gain good karma?
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supporting the monks
doing good works Spending some period of life in monastic discipline |
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Theravada view of buddha
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he was just a man, not a god
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Pali Canon
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three baskets
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anicca
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impermanence
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skandhas
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aggregates
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How did Mahayana Buddhism spread in East Asia?
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by buddhist monks
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Why did Mahayana Buddhism spread successfully?
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Allowed many pre-Buddhist beliefs and practices to survive
Indigenous gods became heavenly Buddhas Recognizes that people find themselves at different stages of spiritual evolution |
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What is the Lotus Sutra
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100 BCE
most popular writings of mahayana buddhism Real Buddha = cosmic Buddha who wants to show compassion for all beings Came to earth because of his love for people Buddha did not die Salvation for all |
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What is the basic message of the Lotus Sutra?
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salvation is for all
we are not called just to individual liberation, but to save all |
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bodhisattva
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a being who postpones their nirvana or enlightenment to help the salvation of others.
have gained the merit necessary to earn rebirth as divinities |
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what does bodhisattva literally mean?
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"a being intended for enlightenment"
"future Buddha" |
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Avalokiteshvara
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Bodhisattva of Compassion
most popular |
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Adi Granth
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"original collector"
the primary scripture of the Sikhs |
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ajiva
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matter without soul or life
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digambara
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"clothed in sky"
a member of the Jain sect in which monks ideally do not wear clothing |
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gurdwara
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a sikh temple
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hylozoisim
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the belief that all physical matter has life and feeling
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Japja
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a poem by Buru Nanak that begins the Adi Grath; the poem is recited daily by pious Sikhs
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jina
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"conquerer"
the jain term for a perfected person who will not be reborn |
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jiva
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spirit, soul, which enlivens matter
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puja
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ritual in honor of a tirthankara or diety
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sallekhana
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"holy death"
death by self-starvation, valued in Jainism as a noble end to a long life of virtue and detachment |
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sikh
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"disciple"
a follower of the sikh religion |
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sthanakavasi
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"building person"
a member of a jain sect that rejects the use of statues and temples |
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terapanthi
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"thirteen"
a member of the newest jain sect |
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tirthankara
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"crossing maker" in jainism, one of the twenty-four ideal human beings of the past, Mahavira being the most recent.
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3 bodies of buddha
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1. earthly
2. heavenly 3. transcendent (cosmic) |
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What are the mahayana sects?
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pure land schools
meditative schools rationalist schools Esoteric or Mystery Schools Nichiren |
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What are some ways to recognize Amitaba in pictures?
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seated in lotus position
the way his hands are placed |
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What are some ways to recognized Avalokiteshvara?
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several arms
behive like hair a person sitting in hair |
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tanha
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desire causes suffering
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what are four things that buddhism has in common with jainism?
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formed in india
liberation of self form suffering in the living world from kshatriya (warrior) caste denyed vedas and rituals |
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who was siddhartha gautama?
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the founder of buddhism
grew up with privilaged lifestyle |
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what did the fortune tellers say about gautama?
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that he had two paths to go down. he could be a political leader or a poor homeless monk.
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What is another name for gautama?
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Shakyamuni
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what were the four passing sights that siddhartha experienced?
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sorrowful old man
man racked by illness monk calmly passing in a yellow robe a dead corpse |
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great renunciation
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when siddhartha became a sannyasin.
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Bo Tree
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tree of enlightenment
what buddha meditated under when siddhartha became buddha |
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Deer Park Sermon at Sarnath
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buddha shared his insights
taught ascetics about four noble truths and and Eightfold Path for liberation from Suffering |
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middle path
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the path of two extremes
-the brahmins who practice vedic sacrificial ceremonies -the wandering ascetecs |
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According to Buddhism can women attain enlightenment?
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yes
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universal buddhahood?
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everything has a buddha nature
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guayin/kannon
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-"hears all cris"
-as female, giver and protector of children -often depicted as holding a child -hand gesture is significant -thousands of arms |
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shunyata
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emptiness of any permanent individual essence
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Pure Land Schools
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-appeal to common people
-do not demand meditation, reading, or ceremony -eternal bliss can be reached in the next life |
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zazen
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seated meditation
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meditative schools
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-dhyana
-zen in japan -chan in china -salvation is personal experience -everyone is potential buddha |
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Jodo Shinshu school
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The true pure land school
chanted the name amitaba Shin priests can marry and live in the world as lay persons |
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koan
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word puzzle
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who was bodhidharma
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-Founder of Chan Buddhism
-Indian monk -Shocked Chinese emperor -Studying sacred Buddhist scriptures and building monasteries are worthless act |
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what is the method for salvation for meditative schools?
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-dhyana in Sanskrit or meditation
-self awakening, insight |
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what are some techniques from meditative schools
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koans
zazen manual labor in kitchens and gardens |
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roshi
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break the grip of the rational mind
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What are some influences Buddhism had on the Japanese culture?
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serving of tea
behavior of samurai warrior calligraphy paintings haiku poems garden design flower arrangements |
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Rationalist schools
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tian-tai in china
tendai in japan Equal weight given to meditation and study Lotus Sutra Strongly mystical Possible to attain Buddhahood in this life |
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What is the goal of rationalist schools?
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to identify with buddha or a bodhisattva
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Esoteric School
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Elitist
Mystery schools Master is necessary Devotees need to ascend a ladder of ten spiritual (intellectual and moral) degrees |
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What is the goal of esoteric schools
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become one with vairocana
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Nicherin school
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political social school
"sun lotus" |
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Nicherin
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founder of political school
manifistation of yogyo |
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What are the two important bodhisattvas in the Nicherin schools?
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-superb action
-ever-abused(save everyone, they are potential buddha) |
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Bon Shamanism
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belief in demons
spells buddha and prayers have the power to drive demons away shaman, bon |
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shaman
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humans who try to contact and manipulate power of spirits
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bon
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"murmuring spells"
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Tantric Buddhism
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unorthodox movements of hinduism, jainsim, and buddhism
experience cosmic forces through sexual energy |
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Buddhism tantric school
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took root in tibet
padma=founder union of male and female sexual union |
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5 celestial self born buddhas
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all paired
emerged from adi buddha (essense) vairocana=center |
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Tara
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wife of avalokita
female principle of wisdom/higher insight mother of all buddha |
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prajna
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higher insight
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what are some ways to identify tara?
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white
lots of eye spots |
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lamas
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one who is superior
teachers could take wife till 14c. |
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yellow hat school
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more strict
14c. no marriage for lamas No meat, less alcohol, more praying, and reintroduction of celibacy when lamas became reincarnations |
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Tenzin Gyatzo
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present Dali Lama
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when did the chinese take control of tibet?
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1951
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Bardo Thodol
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most famous buddhis text
known as tibetan book of dead focuses on liberation of person in 49 day period between death and reincarnation |
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How did colonial rule affect buddhism?
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buddhism population declined
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buddhism in the 21st century
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it has become more popular because it focuses on non-violence (war)
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mass conversions among “Mahar” untouchable cast in 1950s
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they declared their rejection of the Hinduism caste system
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Dhammakaya
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reformist movement in thailand
reform of classes higher education for individuals in the sangha government controls the political activities of monks |
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When did Jainism emerge
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originated in axis age
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when did sikhism emerge?
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15c. CE
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What does Buddhism and Jainism have in common?
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-originated in axis age
-liberation of self -sprang from warrior caste -denied vedas -objected to ritual observations -challenged Bramin authority |
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what are the main differences between buddhism and jainism
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jainism is mainly in india
affirms to the sustainability of individual self (no self in buddhism) |
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What are the main differences between jainism and Hinduism?
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-self reliance
-gods cannot help -priest do not have special powers -do not accept vedas -women can be nuns |
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Where are jains mainly found?
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in india (bombay)
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What impact did jainism have on religion?
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ahimsa
global movement of environmental and animal rights preservation |
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Mahavira
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-founder
-like siddhartha(was a prince) -meditated and wandered naked -no writings |
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jina
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conqueror
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24 Tirthankaras
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those who escaped the cycle of rebirth
ford-makers |
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agamas
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"tradition”
Contain the teachings of sages + sermons of Mahavira |
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ajiva
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non soul
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jiva
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soul
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two divisions of jain communities
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digambara
shvetambara |
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digambara
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priests go naked
"sky clad" |
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shvetambara
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wear white robes
"white clad" |
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5 great vows
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never take life
never lie never steal never be unchaste no greed |
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Sallekhana
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death of the wise; ritual starvation on a bed of thorny grasses
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guru nanak
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founder of sikhism
gathered disciples rejected caste system rejected the idea of competing religions |
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What is the main differences between islam and hinduism?
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hindu:
-many gods -religious images -vegetarianism islam: -one god -no religious images -allows killing of animals |
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commonalities between hinduism and islam
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mystical path
sufism role of spiritual master |
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Sikh
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disciples, students, seeker of truth
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When was Punjab divided?
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1947
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Kabir
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15c. CE
son of muslim parents poet and weaver tried to build bridge between two religions |
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What were the themes of Kabir's poetry
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attacked brahmin/hindu ritual
cycle coudl end only through the love of God emphasis on teacher |
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What happened when Nanak disappeared in the water while bathing?
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God commissioned him
-repeat the words of the divine -tell others to do the same -stay unpolluted in the world -practice charity, ritual bathing, service and meditation |
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"There is no Hinu, there is no Muslim"
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mocking words of nanak
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nam
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True Name (Nanak's God)
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Why did sikhism change to a self-defense religion?
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because of the persecutions
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5 K's
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Distinguishing Marks of the Singhs
-kesh -kangha -kachh -kara -kirpan |
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langar
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communal feast established by the first Guru
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Arjan
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5th Guru
compiled the Guru Granth Sahib |
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Guru Grath Sahib
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"book of the lord"
Tortured and killed by Muslim leader for not converting to Islam |
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Gurdwaras
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sikh places of worship
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When did the Sikhs create their own empire?
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end of 18th c.
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When was the golden temple of amritsar built?
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16th c.
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Who built the golden temple of amritsar? (pool of immortality)
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arjan
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Who formed the Khalsa?
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Gobind Singh
17th c. |
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What is the khalsa?
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military fraternity
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singhs
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"lions"
members of the khalsa |
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who conquered the sikh empire?
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the british in 1849
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How is worship conducted in Sikhims?
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prayer before dawn and in evening
bathe and recite the japji constant repetition of the name of god |
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what is the japji?
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a poem by Nanak that begins the Adi Granth
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How did buddha see karma?
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every act of good or evil will suffer consequences. you wil be rewarded or punished in rebirth.
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How many people are Buddhist in the world?
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about 250 million
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What is the point of buddhist chanting before death
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to keep the dying person's mind focused so he will have a better chance of reaching the land of bliss.
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What is unique about the Tebetan monk's throat chanting?
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more than one note is sang at a time, allows the chanting to enter the heart
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Describe the daily life of monks.
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they create ruges, work 7 hours a week/7days a week, meditation, creation of arts
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Langar
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where food is prepared and served for free and to anyone
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5 skandhas
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body
perception feelings predisposition reason |
