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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In what phase of mitosis do chromosomes move centromere-first toward the poles of the cell? |
Anaphase. |
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How do prokaryotic cells divide? |
Binary fission. |
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How many chromatids are found in each chromosome during prophase? |
2. |
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Which is the division of a nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei? |
Mitosis. |
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When does DNA replication take place? |
Interphase. |
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What moves towards opposite poles during prophase? |
Centrioles. |
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What is the function of mitosis in unicellular organisms? |
Asexual reproduction. |
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Which is true about mitosis? |
It occurs only in eukaryotic cells. It’s the division of a nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei. The two new nuclei each have the same chromosome number as the original nucleus. |
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A cell with 46 chromosomes goes through one round of mitosis and cytokinesis. How many chromosomes are inside each of the two resulting nuclei? |
46. |
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Which turns a diploid cell into haploid cells? |
Meiosis. |
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Which process produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents (unless rare mutations occur)? |
Asexual reproduction. |
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What is true about meiosis? |
It produces four genetically different nuclei. It’s a nuclear division that occurs in the gonads of sexually producing eukaryotes. It reduces the chromosome number by half to form gametes. |
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Which is the pairing of homologous chromosomes in meiosis? |
Synapsis. |
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How many chromosomes are found in the nucleus of a human somatic tissue cell? |
46. |
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Which is a nucleus with one set of chromosomes? |
Haploid. |
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In which phase of meiosis do sister chromatids stay joined at their centromeres and move as a unit towards the same pole? |
Anaphase 1. |
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In which phase of meiosis does crossing over take place? |
Prophase 1. |
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How many chromosomes are found in the nucleus of a human gamete? |
23. |
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Which is the first cell formed after fertilization? |
Zygote. |
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Which is true about the sex chromosomes in normal human males? |
The father’s sperm contained the “Y” chromosome. |
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In the cross Bb x Bb (B=round, b=wrinkled), what would the expected genotypic ratio be? |
1/4 BB, 1/2 Bb, 1/4 bb |
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In the cross aa x Aa (A= yellow, a= green), what percentage of the offspring will have the Aa genotype? |
100%. |
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The chromosomes in the nucleus become visible. Centrioles move towards opposite poles (animal cells only). The spindle fibers begin forming. The nuclear envelope breaks down. |
Prophase. |
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All chromosomes line up half way between the poles. |
Metaphase. |
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Sister chromatids separate when the centromeres divide. The chromosomes move centromere-first (V or J shape) toward the poles of the cell. |
Anaphase. |
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The chromosomes reach the poles. The spindle fibers disappear. A nuclear envelope forms around the chromosomes at each pole. Chromosomes lose their form and turn into chromatin. |
Telophase. |
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Nuclear division |
Meiosis |
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Chromosomes become duplicated. |
Interphase. |
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This provides a way to reproduce asexually (without combining genetic material from two sources). |
Unicellular organisms. |
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Growth and repair. |
Multicellular organisms. |
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A nucleus with one set of chromosomes. |
Haploid. |
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A nucleus with one set of chromosomes. |
Haploid. |
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A nucleus with two sets of chromosomes. |
Diploid. |
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What turns a diploid cell into haploid cells? |
Meiosis. |
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A parent passes on a duplicate of all its’ genes to each offspring. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent (unless rare mutations occur.) |
Asexual reproduction. |
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A process that begins with meiosis and ends at fertilization. It leads to a wide variety of offspring that are all genetically different from their parents. |
Sexual reproduction. |
