Test 2 Part A

Front 1

Philip Goldberg (1968) found that women rated articles by female authors ___ articles by men suggesting that they regard women as intellectually ___ men

Back 1

lower than; inferior to

Front 2

Recall that Janet Swim and Lawrence Sanna (1996) systematically studied a series of 58 experiments conducted over the last 20 years. These researchers found that when men succeed at a given task, participants attribute his success to ___, whereas when women succeed at that same task, participants attribute their success to ___.

Back 2

ability; hard work

Front 3

Charles Bond and his colleagues (1988) found that prejudice led to ___ treatment of black patients than white patients by white professionals in a psychiatric hospital

Back 3

harsher

Front 4

Imagine that you are a participant in the experiment by Russell Fazio and his colleagues (1995). More specifically, after you are primed with pictures of African-American faces, you then complete words. Finally, you are debriefed by an African-American experimenter. Were you a high-prejudiced person, your response time to ___, and you would treat the experimenter ___.

Back 4

"bad" words would be faster; in a cold and disinterested way

Front 5

You don't know very many people with visible tattoos, but you gappen to observe that when fights break out, they seem to involve people with tattoos. You draw the conclusion that there must be an association between having tattoos and being prone to aggression. This conclusion reflects an

Back 5

illusory correlation

Front 6

Recall that Muzafer Sherif and his colleagues (1961) created conflict between two groups of boys in a summer camp. Intergroup hostility was relatively easy to generate. To do this, the researchers first ___ and then___.

Back 6

created in-group cohesiveness; set up a series of competitive situations

Front 7

The bogus pipeline is an instrument that was developed to measure attitudes that are otherwise difficult to measure because

Back 7

of motivations to give a socially desirable

Front 8

Recall that Muzafer Sherif and his colleagues (1951) created conflict between two groups of boys in a summer camp. Once in-group cohesiveness was established, they se up a series of competitive situations such as tug-of-war and other competitive games. Conflict between the two groups escalated. Sherif and his colleagues were only successful in reducing conflict and hostility when

Back 8

they constructed situations that fostered mutual interdependence

Front 9

Ethologist Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1963) raised rats in isolation. When other rats were finally introduced into their cages, rats raised alone ___, suggesting that___.

Back 9

used the same aggressive behaviors as other rats; aggression need not be learned

Front 10

Your textbook describes the results of cross-cultural observational research that addresses levels of aggression in children. According to this research which of the following children would be most likely to engage in "non-playful" pushing, hitting, and shoving on the playground

Back 10

Jason, because he is a boy

Front 11

___occurs when a person is thwarted on the way to an expected goal or gratification

Back 11

frustration

Front 12

___refers to the perception that you (or your group) have less than you were led to expect, or less that similar others have

Back 12

relative deprivation

Front 13

In a cox News Serivce (1992) survey of high school students, nearly half of the students surveyed believed that when a woman says "no" to a sexual advance, she doesn't really mean it. These findings provide support for the power of ___ to influence attitudes toward sexual aggression

Back 13

sexual scripts

Front 14

Dane Archer and Rosemary Gartner (1976, 1984) found in a cross-cultural study of war and domestic violence that being at war is correlated with increased domestic homicide rates. Why?

Back 14

war serves to legitimize violent solutions to social problems

Front 15

Dehumanizing an enemy (e.g., referring to Germans as "Krauts" or Japanese as "Nips" or "Japs" during World War II or referring to Vietnamese as "gooks" during the Vietnam War) can contribute to further aggression and even wartime atrocities by

Back 15

reducing our ability to empathize

Front 16

a principal theory in social psychology is social exchange theory (Homans,1961; Thibaut& Kelley, 1959). According to this theory, we will be most lkely to help others

Back 16

when the benefits outweigh the costs

Front 17

Men are more likely to help in __, whereas women are likely to help in___.

Back 17

heroic ways; ways that involve a long term commitment

Front 18

Mary harris and her colleagues (Harris, benson, &Hall, 1975) found that churchgoers were more likely to donate charity before they attended confession than after, presumably because the act of confession

Back 18

reduced their guilt

Front 19

When John Darley and Bibb Latane (1968) exposed participants to faked seizure in one of three experimental conditions (participants were lone witnesses, one of three witnesses, or one of five witnesses), they found that

Back 19

participants who thought they were lone witnesses helped more and helped faster

Front 20

Pluralistic ignorance is most likely to discourage intervention in an emergency when

Back 20

the situation is ambiguous

Front 21

Even if it is clear that a person needs help, that you are the person responsible to help, and that you know how to help, you might still decide not to help. Reasons that people do not help in such cases include all of the following except

Back 21

The situation isn't an emergency, and the Latane and Darley model isn't applicable

Front 22

Recent work by Batson and his colleagues finds that, when people develop an empathic perspective, in addition to being more likely to help, people are also more likely to express positive attitudes towards

Back 22

other members of the group they have empathized with

Front 23

When Leon Festinger and his colleagues studied friendship patterns among married couples in an apartment complex at MIT, they found that people who lived at the foot of the stairs or near mailboxes had more friends on upper floors than did other people who lived on the first floor. This illustrates the power of ___ to influence friendship patterns.

Back 23

functional distance

Front 24

Recall that Rebecca Curtis and Kim Miller (1986) assigned participants at random to have a conversation. One member of each pair was told that the other person liked him or her. Participants provided this information actually behaved in more likable ways, and their partners, too, behaved in pleasant ways. These findings demonstrate that___ may explain the the power of reciprocal liking

Back 24

self fulfilling prophecy