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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Wounds |
Acute and chronic |
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Acute wounds |
Healing occurs immediately after injury or incision |
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Chronic wounds |
Healing requires blood supply to deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells |
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Four stages of wound healing |
- inflammation -debridement -repair -maturation |
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Inflammation healing |
-Heat -swelling - bleeding |
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Information Heat |
Movement and activation of white blood cells and growth factors |
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Inflammation swelling |
Dilution of blood vessels -allow clotting elements into wound |
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Inflammation bleeding |
Blood cleans and fills the wound immediately after injury or incision |
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Inflammation neutrophils |
Puss first at the scene arrive 6 to 12 hours after injury
Stimulate monocytes to form and remodel new tissue |
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Inflammation cells |
White blood cells neutrophils Monocyte macrophage platelets Lymphocytes |
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Inflammation monocytes |
Essential for wound healing |
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Inflammation platelets |
Cells that allow clotting |
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Information Lymphocytes |
-Arrive later -stimulate protein synthesis -speed tissue repair strengthening the wound |
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Biological Band-Aids and glue |
Blood clot and fibrin
-Blood clot dries into scab - protects wound -prevents more bleeding -allows healing beneath the surface |
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Biological Band-Aids and glue fibrin |
-Released by blood clot -helps glue wound edges together |
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Biological Band-Aids and glue blood clot |
-Forms platelets -forms coagulated blood -make bridge for new cells to migrate |
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Debridement |
-Shrinking and contraction of the wound
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Repair |
Granulation tissue epithelialization contraction
Collagen is laid down new blood vessels form angiogenesis
Results information of granulation tissue bright pink tissue |
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Granulation tissue |
-Fills defects -protects wounds -white equals unhealthy wound - red equals healthy wound -allows epithelialization |
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Epithelialization |
-make the basement membrane - epithelial cells secrete collagenase which dissolves lifts the scab -Immediately in surgical wounds -Open wounds after granulation bed has formed |
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Wound contraction |
Full-thickness skin edges are pulled inward Can't progress if there's tension or pulling on wound Become smaller 5 -9 days after injury |
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Maturation phase |
Changes to the scar to maximize wound strength
Cross-linking of collagen fibers equals softening and flattening of scars |
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Optimal healing slow heal |
-Older malnourished animals heal slower - obesity and disease Like diabetes also slows wound healing |
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Optimal healing moist wound |
-Minimal movement - wound fluid speed debridement granulation tissue formation and epithelialization - no scab
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Wound classification |
- clean -clean contaminated -contaminated -infected dirty |
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Clean |
Spay or neuter procedure |
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Clean contaminated |
-Not as clean - incision into Organ no spill of juices |
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Contaminated |
-Hit by car (trama) - incision into organ juices spill - chance of infection |
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Infected dirty |
-Starts off contaminated -Left 4 days -pus comes out |
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Subtypes a wounds |
Abrasion laceration avulsion puncture crush or burn |
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Abrasion |
Road rash |
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Laceration |
Sharp tear |
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Avulsion |
Skin or fur pulled off in sheets |
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Puncture |
Stick goes through in and out |
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Crush |
Bruising not always open |
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Burn |
Inflamed painful hot |
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Wound treatment |
-Control bleeding - clean dirt debris and clip hair -scrub intact skin around the wound not the wound surface -lavage around bed with isotonic fluids (spray) |
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Wound treatment intention |
-Primary intention -secondary intention -third intention |
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Primary intention |
- surgical closure -wound less than 8 hours -minimal trauma and minimal contamination -golden period |
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Secondary intention |
-Granulation tissue -older contaminated or infected wounds -too large a defect to close primarily - failure of wound healing is called dehiscence |
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Third intention |
- delayed primary closure - 3 to 5 days after cleaning and debridement - before granulation tissue has formed |
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Home care for wounds |
-Surgical = clean and dry 14 days -staple and stitches removed in 10-14 days - collars, clothing, bandages help prevent licking |
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Wound inspection |
-Evaluated frequently -infection (pus) - fluid oozing (strike-through) - separation (dehiscence) - odor |
