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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of water should instruments be cleaned in?
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Distilled
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What is better, Ultrasonic cleaning or manual cleaning?
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Ultrasonic is 16 times better!
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What is surgical milk?
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It is where you place instruments for lubrication and rust inhibitor.
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All resusable linens for sterilizization cause a concern, what is it?
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Launder in seperate washer and dryer with minimal detergent. Use extra rinse for detergent to be removed because you don't want it transferred to instruments.
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What is the goal of patient preparation?
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To achieve asepsis or a site free of microbes that could cause disease or decay.
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Where should patient preparation be done?
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Outside the operating room.
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What are recommended scrub solutions?
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Chlorhexidine and povidine-iodophor
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What will hypotonic solutions do to tissues?
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Tissues will absorb the solution and cause edema
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What will hypertonic solutions do to tissues?
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Tissues will release water to the solution, reducing edema.
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When should surgical drains be removed?
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2-5 days otherwise the body will react!
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Multifilament Sutures advantages and disadvantages are?
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Strong, Hold Well, Tissue Reaction, Harbor Bacteria.
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Monofilament sutures advantages and disadvantages are?
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No wicking, Less infection, Decrease Hold, Memory
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Surgical gut causes what?
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Inflammatory reaction in body and breaks down suture.
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What are the three types of suture needles?
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Straight - Not common
Curved - Common S-shaped - Bovine Surgery |
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Are california RVT's allowed to suture existing wounds?
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Yes
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What is dehiscence?
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Seperation of a wounds edges prior to healing, normally where suture was.
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What is the largest suture size?
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#7
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What are smaller suture sizes?
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0's and keep adding zeros!
4-0 (4 ott) 0000 |
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Dexon - Polyglycolic Acid suture is absorbable in?
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14-21 days
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What is the most reactive suture and least reactive?
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Gut - Must reactive
Steel - Least Reactive |
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What is a rounded narrow or flat, blunt ended, graduated dental instrument? It is inserted into the gingival sulcus without causing trauma.
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Periodontal Probe
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What is a sharp ended dental instrument used to determine presence of cavities?
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Dental Explorer
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What is the mirror object called that is rarely used but very useful if properly used?
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Dental Mirror
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What dental tools are used to remove dental deposits from tooth surfaces?
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Scalers and Curettes
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What are the three dental mechanical scaling instruments?
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Sonic
Ultrasonic Rotary |
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What dental instrument is designed to aid removal of heavy calculus from surface of teeth? it is dangerous to use and can fracture teeth.
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Calculus Forceps
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What dental tooth hand extractors are used to cut and breakdown the periodontal ligament?
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Luxators and Elevators
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The dangers of a dental miromotor unit for extraction is?
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Heat build up! Must cool it and patients tissues!
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What is the mandibular prognathic bite?
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Underbite or Undershot! Longer mandible than upper jaw.
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What is the mandibular brachygnathic bite?
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Overbite or overshot! Mandible is shorter than upper jaw.
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What is the purpose of a periodontal examination?
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Identify periodontal disease.
Differentiate between gingivitis and periodontitis Identify precise location of disease process Assess extent of tissue destruction. |
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How is gingivitis and gingival index based on?
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Redness and swelling
Presence of bleeding on gentle probing |
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What is the gingival sulcus?
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It's the curve of the tooth next to the gingival margin gum.
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What is the gingival margin?
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It's the curve of the gum next to the gingival sulcus of the tooth.
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What are the 10 step dental procedures?
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1 - Presurgical exam, 2 - Anesthetized
3 - Supragingival clean, 4 - Subgingival scaling 5 - Polishing, 6 - Sulcal Lavage 7 - Fluoride therapy (optional), 8 - Periodontal probing, oral evaluation and dental chart. 9 - Radiographs, 10 - Plan |
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What does periodontal mean?
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Relating to or affecting tissue and structures surrounding and supporting the teeth.
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What are the teeth in the very front called on a dog?
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Incisors (I)
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What are the teeth just behind the incisors?
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Canines (C)
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What are the teeth just behind the canines?
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Premolars (P)
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What are the very back teeth called?
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Molars (M)
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What is the permanent dental formulae for a dog?
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3-1-4-2 upper
3-1-4-3 lower 21 total |
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What is the permanent dental formulae for a cat?
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3-1-3-1 upper
3-1-2-1 lower 15 Total |
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How do we deal with congenitaly missing teeth from developmental dental disorders?
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1. Radiographs, are they missing or unerupted.
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How do we deal with supernumerary teeth (extras) from developmental dental disorders?
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Any that cause malocclusion and/or crowding should be extracted.
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What is the term for the developmental union of two or more teeth?
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Fusion!
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What is the term for an attempt to make two teeth from one enamel organ, without complete division?
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Germination
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How are root abnormalities found?
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Radiographs only.
Only intervene if needed. |
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What is the term for an incomplete or defective formation of the organic enamel matrix?
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Enamel Hypoplasia
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What is the term for a loss of tooth substance that results from wear that is produced by opposing teeth coming into contact with one another?
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Attrition
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What is the term used when describing wear in the incisor region?
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Incisal Wear
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What is the term for the wearing away of tooth structure that is not caused by incisal or occlusal wear?
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Abrasion
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What type of treatment do we do with an exposed pulp?
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Extraction of the affected tooth.
Endodontic Therapy - "Root Canal" |
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What is the term for plaque induced inflammation of the periodontium?
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Periodontal Disease
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Up to which point can inorganic demineralization be halted as long as the lesion has not extended to?
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the enamel dentin junction
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What is the laymens term for dental caries?
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Tooth Decay or a Cavity!
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What is the inflammation of the oral mucosa called?
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Stomatitis
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What is the inflammation of the gingiva and the earliest sign of disease?
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Gingivitis
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Can animals with healthy gingivae develop periodontitis?
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No!
If you have healthy gingivae you will not develop periodontitis. |
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What is the term for removal of gingival pockets by excision of the gingiva, to recountour the gingiva to its proper anatomical form?
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Gingivoplasty
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How can we find odontoclastic resorptive lesions?
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Visual, Dental Explorer by Touch, Radiography
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What is the term for hard tissues of the root surfaces which are destroyed by odontoclasts?
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Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesions
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What is the term for normal dental occlusion?
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Scissors bite!
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What are independently regulated genetically in development?
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Upper jaw, lower jaw and teeth.
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Sonic scalers run on compressed air at how many hertz?
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8 to 18,000 hertz
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What scalers are safer and slower than ultrasonic?
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Sonic Scalers
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What is the purpose of polishing the tooth?
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If the tooth is smoothed it makes it harder for plaque to attach itself.
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What is the normal sulcal depth in a dog?
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0 to 3 mm
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What is the normal sulcal depth in a cat?
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0 to 0.5 mm
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On birds under anestesia it is very important to do what with the eyes?
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Lubricate them!
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If a bird is shivering under anesthesia it is?
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to low of a plane!
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Should I use cuffed or uncuffed intubation tubes with birds?
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Uncuffed because they have tracheal rings and pressure will cause necrosis and sloughing.
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Never use what type of suture with birds?
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Cat gut, to reactive!
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What are some common avian surgeries?
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Fractures
Beak Repair Toe Amputation Lacerations |
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When a snake is recovering from surgery what temperature do I need to keep them at?
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POTZ
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Under anesthesia a snakes tongue will do what when they are to deep?
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It won't withdraw! To deep if this stops!
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What is one of the most important things of handling an amphibian?
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They have porous skin and can get serious skin infections from ME! Always wear sterile latex gloves!
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Because of bacterial aerosol caused by dental work what should be done for dental procedures?
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Use a separate room dedicated for oral procedures.
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What are some uses of sutures?
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Appose edges of incision or wound.
To eliminate dead space where fluid would accumulate. To tighten or stabilize joints. To strengthen or replace weakened tissues. To ligate blood vessels and tissues. |
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What is the term to tie with a ligature?
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Ligate
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What are some absorable sutures that are broken down longer than 21 days?
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Dexon
Vicryl Maxon PDS Polysorb |
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What are some absorable sutures that are broken down less than 21 days?
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Monocryl
Biosyn |
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The advantages of Dexon and Vicryl are?
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Excellent Knott!
Broken down by hydrolsis Minimal inflmmation |
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The disadvantages of Dexon and Vicryl are?
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Wicking
May absorb more rapidly in presence of urine. |
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The advantages of PDS and Maxon are?
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Decreased tissue drag.
Loses tensile strength slower than Vicryl and Dexon. Take 180 days to completely absorb. Good for bladder closure. |
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What is the disadvantage of PDS and Maxon?
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Increased memory so requires more throws 5-6!
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Which suture type material is good for high risk patients of diabetes, neoplasia, hypothyroid, and other immune suppression?
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Monocryl-polyglecaprone!
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Buried sutures should ahve a short what?
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Tail length as possible!
2mm in multifilament 3-4mm in mono |
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What type of suture pattern is the Ford Interlocking Pattern?
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It's a continuous suture.
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When should we use Peri operative antibiotics?
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Enter hollow viscous such as GI.
Difficult site to aseptically prepare. Othopedic implants Long procedures! Over 90 min. |
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When soft tissues cannot be closed to obliterate dead space I should insert?
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a drain!
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What's a passive drain that is soft, thin-walled collapsible latex tube?
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Penrose Drain
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What is needed for a thick walled tube, rubber, or silastic drain into a container for it to work?
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Active suction!
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If I am using spongues for hemostasis during surgery what should be done before and after surgery?
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Count all the sponges to make sure they have all been removed!
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Is it normal to have drainage after 1-3 days post op near suture site?
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No! But contaminated surgery may!
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If there is swelling at the surgery site it could mean?
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Dehiscence of a deeper suture causing herniation. Alert DVM!
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How long should patient motion be limited for a standard sugery?
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10-14 days
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How long should patient motion be limited for orthopedic procedures?
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2-3 Months
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Where is the hair clipped for laparotomies such as ovariohysterectomy and splenectomy?
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Cranially to the xiphoid process and caudally to the pubis.
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Where is the hair clipped for canine castrations?
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From the scrotum and prepuce extending into the inguinal area.
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Where is the hair removed for puppy dewclaw removal and tail docking, as well as feline declawiing?
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Does not require hair removal.
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Where is the hair clipped for urethrostomies, rectal fistulas and anal sac surgeries?
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Outward from rectum and extended up the base of the tail and down both legs.
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Where is the hair clipped for orthopedic surgeries?
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Large area around site. Example, whole leg.
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During the surgical scrub procedure how many times should the scrub be done?
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minimum of three times and gauze squares should appear clean after final scrub.
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Which area of surgical gowns should be considered sterlie?
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Only from the front and agove the waist.
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