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8 Cards in this Set
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What is a drug? |
•Any substance other than food that affects our bodies or minds. •Psychoactive = alters mood, behaviour, or both. •Substance use may cause temporary changes in behavior, emotion, or thought.▪︎May result in substance intoxication (literally, “poisoning”) |
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Substance abuse Substance dependence |
• Substance abuse: A pattern of behavior in which a person relies on a drug excessively and repeatedly, damaging their relationships, affecting work functioning, and/or putting themselves or others in danger. • Substance dependence: a more advanced pattern of use in which a person abuses a drug and centres his or her life around it – ‘drug seeking behaviours’▪︎Also called “addiction”▪︎May include tolerance (need increasing doses to get an effect) and withdrawal (unpleasant and dangerous symptoms when substance use is stopped) |
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Depressants Stimulants Opiates Hallucinogens Other drugs of abuse |
Depressants Result in behavioural sedation and relaxation. Includes alcohol, and the sedative/hypnotic drugs (barbiturates and benzodiazepines) Stimulants Cause user to be more active and alert and can elevate mood. Includes amphetamine, cocaine, nicotine, and caffeine Opiates Produce analgesia and euphoria. Includes heroin, opium, codeine, and morphine Hallucinogens Alter sensory perceptions and can produce delusions (paranoia) and hallucinations. Includes marijuana and LSD Other drugs of abuse Inhalants/solvents, steroids, prescription medications, etc… |
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Active Ingredient in Alcohol |
•Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol (ETOH), is the active ingredient in beer, wine, and hard liquor•ETOH is absorbed into the blood through the stomach lining and takes effect in the bloodstream and CNS•Short-term: alcohol blocks messages between nerve cells. Alcohol helps GABA shut down neurons and “relax” the drinker. |
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Alcohol stages in the human body |
1. First brain components affected are the frontal lobes. Brain centre for reasoning, memory, judgment, and inhibitions2. Next affected is the cerebellumthe seat of motor and muscle control, balance, and the five senses. 3. Finally affected is the brain stem (e.g. medulla)The medulla governs breathing, heart rate, and body temperature |
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Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs |
•Sedative-hypnotic (anti-anxiolytic) drugs produce feelings of relaxation and drowsiness. At low doses, they have a calming or sedative effectAt high doses, they function as sleep inducers or hypnotics. •Sedative-hypnotic drugs include barbiturates and benzodiazepines. •Effects = similar to alcohol GABA agonistSynergistic in combination |
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Stimulants |
•Stimulants are substances that increase the activity of the central nervous system (CNS).▪︎Cause increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and alertness▪︎Cause rapid behavior and thinking•Most widely consumed class of drug•The four most common stimulants are:CocaineAmphetaminesNicotineCaffeine |
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Causes of Substance-Related Disorders |
The use of substances often appears primarily influenced by environmental factors, whereas abuse and dependence may be influence primarily by genetic factors. |
