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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the hallmark of herpes viruses?
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they establish LATENCY on primary infection. During latency, virus DNA is present in infected cells, but infectious virus is not detectable.
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What is reactivation?
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the disruption of latency. During reactivation, infectious virus is produced and lesions like those observed on primary infrection are exhibited. The latency-reactivation cycle recurs thorughout life.
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While a herpes virus is latent is the infectious virus detectable?
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NO, virus DNA is present in infected cells but infectous virus is not detectable.
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T/F All human adults have antibodies to most of the herpesviruses, and most infrections are Asmptomatic.
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False, ALMOST all human adultshave antibodies to most of the herpesviruses, and most infrections are ASYMPTOMATIC.
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If an individual has never had lesions does that mean that he/she is not infected?
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NO, antibodies may be present without lesions.
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How many human pathogens are present for herpesviridae?
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ubiquitous in nature there are: 9 human pathogens:
HSV-1 HSV-2 VZV CMV EBV HHV-6 HHV-7 HHV-8 |
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Herpesviruses are large and their genomes encode what several enzymes?
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thymidine Kinase
Rivonucleotide reductase viral DNA polymerase (WHICH ARE ALL TARGETS FOR ANTIVIRAL COMPOUNDS) |
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How can the infection of a herpes virus present?
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Lytic
Latent Immortalizing Persistant |
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What type of immunity resolves most infections from herpes viruses?
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Cell-Mediated
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Are herpesviruses antibodies evident in most adults?
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yes
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What two herpes virus human pathogens are associated with human cancers?
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EBV and HHV8
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What two herpes virus human pathogens are sexually transmitted?
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HSV-1 and HSV-2 (and CMV)
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What herpes virus human pathogen is transplacental; may infect the fetus in utero?
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CMV
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WHere is the herpes virus replicated upon invasion into the host cell?
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in the nucleus, but synthesis of structural and nonstructural protein required for assembly is produced in the cytoplasm and viral assembly occurs in the nucleus
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What are the Diseases of HSV-1 and HSV-2?
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Herpetic keratits - eyes
Gingivostomatits - gingivae and oral mucosa Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Neonatal herpes - fetus/newborn infections Meningoencpehalitis - meninges and brain Encephalitis - brain Dessemintated herpes - throughout the body |
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What is a
MACULE PAPULE PUSTULE ? |
MACULE: a discolored spot on the skin that is not elevated above the surface
PAPULE: a small circumscribed, superficial solid elevation of the skin. PUSTULE: a visible collection of pus within or beneath the epidermis |
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What is unique about he Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)? (how many diseases does it cause?)
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One virus (VZV) causes 2 diseases:
Varicella - chickenpox Zoster - shingles |
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What type of vaccine prevents varicella?
live attenuated or killed? |
LIVE
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What does the primary infection of VZV cause? and what does it present as later after latency?
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Primary infection = chickenpox ( in children) which leads to virus latency
Reactivation of latent virus = shingles in the elderly, in AIDS pt. and in organ transplants recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. |
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Those with ________________________emia resolve VZV.
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agammaglobulinaemaemia
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What can you do to prevent chickenpox?
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A LIVE varicella vacine is effective in preventing chickenpox.
This live chickenpox vaccine also protects against zoster. These vaccines are safe. The pros and cons of a live herpesvirus vaccine are: (summarize up of Sheridin slides) |
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T/F Shingles can occur at any age in anyone who has had chickenpox. It is most common in people over 60 because the immune system weakens with age.
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TRUE
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To prevent Zoster (shingles) there was no vaccine until May, 2006, when the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed __________ , made by Merck and CO.
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ZOSTAVAX
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What is the MOST PREVALENT CAUSE OF VIRAL CONGENITAL DISEASE?
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CMV - CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (HERPESVIRIDAE)
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What type of disease does CMV cause? What does the disease present as and what age group does it effect?
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Cytomegalic inclusion disease, a generalized infection of infants caused by intrauterine or early post-natal infection.
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CMV is transplacental - what does this mean? and what happens if an infant contracts the disease?
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(can cross the placenta) - with still born or sever mental retardatio of the newborn as the outcome.
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What herpes human pathogen causes HETEROPHILE-NEGATIVE infectious MONOnucleosis
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
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What herpes human pathogen causes HETEROPHILE-POSITIVE infectious MONONUCLEOSIS in adults.
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Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
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What type of Malignancies are associated with EBV?
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Burkitt's lymphoma (B cells) - highest incidence in East Africa.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (epithelial cells) - highest incidence in Southern China. |
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What type of cells does Burkitt's lymphoma effect? what about nasophyarngeal carcinoma?
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Burkitt's - b cells
Nasophayrngeal carcinoma - epithelial |
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What type of exanthem does HHV6 and HHV7 (Human Herpes Virus type 6 and 7) cause?
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Cause ROSEOLA INFANTUM (exanthem subitum).
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How is HHV6&7 transmitted?
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by touching or respiratory infection.
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What is the incubation period for HHV6&7?
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4-7 days
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What is the sequence from fever to rash for HHV6&7?
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ABRUPT high fever (103-105) lasting about 4 days; rash appears after the fever
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Do you recover from HHV6&7 without complications?
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yes
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VZV replicates in and may be latent in ____ cells
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T
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HHV-8 is associated with what endothelial disease (of blood vessels).
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EPIDEMIC Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) in AIDS patients.
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HHV8 also causes body-cavity-based ___ cell primary-effusion lymphoma.
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B Cell
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What B cells disorder of lymph nodes does HHV-8 cause?
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Multicentric Castleman's Disease
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What herpes virus human pathogen is a zoonosis (disease transmitted by another animal to man), man is the incidental, not the natural viral host.
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Herpesvirus Simiae; Monkey Pox; Herpes Virus B
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What human disease does Herpes virus B cause?
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Encephalomyelitis
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What herpes virus is the monkey equivalent to herpes simplex virus?
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Herpesvirus B
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How do you acquire Herpes virus B?
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Monkey Bite (virus jumps species)
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Is herpes virus B rare or common?
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RARE
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When an individual contracts Herpes Virus B what is the usual course of the disease?
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Nearly always fatal in man.
DEATH |
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Is Herpes Virus B considered part of the human herpesviruses?
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NO - it is zoonotic
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How does the herpes virus enter and replicate? Is it dsDNA, dsRNA, ssDNA?
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Herpesviruses are Large dsDNA viruses with Linear genomes that encode several enzymes, including a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, but this enzyme is not included in the icosahedral nucleocapsid, only expressed during replication, and it is a target for antiviral compounds.
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How many general types of herpesvirus antiviral drugs available?
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2
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How many of the herpsesviruses are assoc. with human malignancies and how many are transplacental? Name them.
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Two of the herpesviruses are assoc. with human malignancies, one is transplacental.
Malignancies: EBV and HHV8 Human exanthems:VZV (chickenpox) HHV6&7 (Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum) Transplacental is CMV |
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T/F Herpesviruses are an important group of human viruses that may cause serious and life diseases.
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True
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T/F Some herpes viruses are sexually transmitted.
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True
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What is the structure of a latent viral DNA?
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ask someone or look in old slides -
i believe it is linear |
