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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is strep pneumonia frequently observed as normal flora?
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From the upper respiratory tract of healthy individuals
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What three things is strep. pneumoniae the most common cause?
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Otitis media, community acquired bacterial pneumonia, meningitis in adults
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To what group does strep pneumonia belong (hemolytic reactions)?
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Strep pneumoniae is alpha hemolytic
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What bacteria is responsible for infections of the heart, lungs, liver, brain after dental manipulations or oral trauma?
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Strep viridans (specifically Strep intermedius)
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Describe the gram stain and shape of strep pneumoniae
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It is a gram + lancet shaped diplococcus
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What is the major virulence factor for strep pneumonia and what are it's effects?
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The bacterial capsule inhibits the binding of complement and is anti-phagocytic
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What are inflammatory mediators of the strep pneumonia cell wall?
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Typical gram + molecules such as teichoic acid, peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, and cell wall proteins
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What is the major exotoxin of strep pneumoniae?
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The major exotoxin is pneumolysin, which kills phagocytes ONLY IN ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
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Describe the transmission of strep pneumonia
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It is spread from person to person; disease is caused by spread of normal flora from naso/oropharynx to adjacent tissue or aspirations into the lungs
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Who is at risk for developing an invasive infection from strep pneumoniae?
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People who are old with underlying disease such as chronic alcoholism, stroke (more likely to aspirate) asplenia, viral respiratory disease
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Describe the pneumonia of strep pneumoniae
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It is a rapid onset pneumoniae showing chills, fever, cough with rusty sputum; heavy consolidation on x-ray
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Describe the pathogenesis of strep pneumoniae meningitis
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A bacteremia results with spread from the pleura to the lymphatics, into the bloodstream and then the meninges via the choroid plexus
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What are some complications associated with strep pneumoniae pneumonia?
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Endocarditis, pericarditis, septic arthritis, meningitis
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How can strep pneumonia be detected in patients with pneumonia?
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Urine antigen test
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What is the first step in treatment of strep pneumoniae infection?
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Testing the strain to see if it is resistant to penicillin
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What is given for uncomplicated pneumonia?
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penicillin G
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Describe the original vaccine for strep pneumoniae
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It is called pneumovax 23 and consists of purified polysaccharide from the 23 most common strains
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What are the limitations of the PPV vaccine?
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It has no response in children less than 2 years of age
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What vaccine for strep pneumoniae is given to children?
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The PCV7 vaccine which contains the 7 most common serotypes conjugated to a protein; given at 2,4,6 and 12-15 months
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