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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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measurement we assign numbers to objects where the different numbers indicate different objects |
Nominal Scale |
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What scale? A very common example is gender where all Males are assigned as 1 and all Females as 2 |
Nominal scale |
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we assign numbers to objects just like nominal Ibut here the numbers also have a meaningful order. |
Ordinal Scale |
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What scale? example someone finishes in a race first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd), and so on. If we know the place that they finished we know who the fastest |
Ordinal scale |
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the interval, or, difference, or the gaps between each rank are not necessarily equal. |
Ordinal scale |
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have order just like ordinal so you can see here how these scales of measurement build on one another but interval has "equal" amount of spaces between each number |
Interval scale |
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What scale? we take temperature in degrees Celcius |
Interval scale |
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differences are meaningful just like interval but it also has ratios that are meaningful |
Ratio scale |
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What scale? An example would be weight in pounds |
Ratio scale |
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Data are distinct pieces of information, usually formatted in a special way |
Research data |
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is data that is collected, observed, or created, for purposes of analysis to produce original research results. |
Research data |
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Collected by the researcher to address the research problem |
PRIMARY DATA |
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Obtained through first-hand investigation |
PRIMARY DATA |
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Collected by someone else for some other purpose other than the problem at hand |
SECONDARY DATA |
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Obtained from another researchers |
SECONDARY DATA |
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(through questionnaires or interview) |
Survey |
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(through experiments) |
Observations |
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(official records, literature review, diaries, content analysis) |
Documents |
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is the process by which the researcher collects the data/information needed to answer the research problem. |
Data collection |
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Systematic noting and recording of events, behaviors, and artifacts (objects) in the social setting chosen for study |
Observation method |
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is a systematic data collection approach. Researchers use all of their senses to examine people in natural settings or naturally occurring situations |
Observation |
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is a method under which data from the field is collected with the help of observation by the observer or by personally going to the field. |
Observation method |
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is way of gathering data by watching behavior, events, or noting physical characteristics in their natural setting. |
Observation |
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- An approach involves observing the right thing at the right place and also at the right time by a matter of chance or by luck
- involves the use of the tools of the measurement. |
Casual and Scientific observation |
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- refers to the observer; Subjective observation involves the observation of the one's own immediate experience. - whereas the object refers to the activity or any type of operation that is being observed. ; refers to the observations involving observer as an entity apart from the thing being observed. |
Subjective and Objective observation |
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- is when you watch interactions, processes, or behaviours as they occur - are when you watch the results of interactions, processes, or behaviours |
Direct and Indirect observation |
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- refers to the participation by the observers/researchers with the various types of operations of the group under study - no participation of the observer/researcher in the activities of the group that takes place, and also there occurs no relationship between the researcher and the group |
Participant and Non-participant observation |
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- involves specific information of the units that are to be observed and also about the information that is to be recorded - are diametrically against the structured observation. In such observation, observer has the freedom to note down what he or she feels is correct and relevant to the point of study |
Structured and unstructured observation |
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- are the observations made under the influence of some of the external forces and such observations rarely lead to improvement in the precision of the research results - made in the natural environment and reverse to the controlled observation |
Controlled and Non Controlled observation |
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involves observing the behavior in a normal setting and in this type of observation, no efforts are made to bring any type of change in the behaviour of the observed. |
Natural observation |
