Stars, Galaxies And The Universe

Front 1

What is a star?

Back 1

object in space made of burning gasses which produce their own light and heat

Front 2

What is Nuclear Fusion?

Back 2

the process by which suns produce light and heat. (2 hydrogen atoms combine to form 1 helium atom)

Front 3

What are the 3 types of stars?

Back 3

Main Sequence- hottest and largest (generate the most light, sun)
White Dwards- very hot but not bright
Giants and Super Giants- exteremly bright but not hot

Front 4

How old is our sun?

Back 4

4.6 billion years old

Front 5

How much longer will our sun burn?

Back 5

around 5 billion years

Front 6

What type of star is the sun?

Back 6

Main Sequence star

Front 7

What is the diameter of the sun?

Back 7

1.4 km

Front 8

What is the compostion of our sun?

Back 8

92% hydrogen and 8% helium

Front 9

What is a galaxy?

Back 9

a large group of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity

Front 10

Gradually what is happening to galaxies?

Back 10

they are spreading apart

Front 11

What are the 4 major types of galaxies?

Back 11

Elliptical- Some elliptical galaxies are nearly circular in shape. SOme elliptical galaxies are extremely stretched out, flattened, or clongated.
Spiral: galaxies with bright nuclei also had "arms" spiraling out from the middle. (Barred Spiral)
Irregular: Galaxies that cant be classified as either spiral or elliptical.

Front 12

What did Edwin Hubble Notice?

Back 12

-galaxies were getting farther apart
-universe is constantly expanding in all directions

Front 13

What is the Big Bang Theory?

Back 13

10-20 billion years ago tremendous explosion started the expansion of the universe from single point

Front 14

What is the Copernican Theory?

Back 14

The universe appears the same in all directions

Front 15

In 1927 what did the Blgian Priest Georges Lemaitre first propose?

Back 15

that the universe began with an explosion of a primeval atom.

Front 16

What is hubble?

Back 16

-galaxies spreading apart uniformily in every direction
-speed of expansion proportional to distance away

Front 17

List the 7 stages in the birth of a star?

Back 17

-formed with a cloud of hydrogen gas that collapses
-when it becomes hot enought to burn nuclear fuel, proudces large amounts of heat and radiation
-after there is no more nuclear fuel, the star enlarges and the core contracts
-turns into a giant star
-after exploding the giant star with turn into a black dwarf, neutron star, or black hole, depending on size

Front 18

At which temperature must the core of a star reach for nuclear fusion to begin?

Back 18

27,000,000 degrees

Front 19

How does the size of a star affect the lifespan of the star?

Back 19

the larger the star the shorter the life span, the smaller the star the longer the life span.

Front 20

What are the 3 fates of a star?

Back 20

Either it becomes a black dwarf, neutron star, or black hole

Front 21

The fate of a star depends on how?

Back 21

massive it is

Front 22

What is the HertzSprung Russel Diagram?

Back 22

graph that shows the color and brightness of stars

Front 23

What 5 characteristics are plotted on the HertzSprug Russel Diagram?

Back 23

Five characteristics are; Magnitude, Luminosity, Spectral Class, Temperature, and Size.

Front 24

What are the three types of main sequence stars?

Back 24

The three main types of main sequence stars are; Supergiants, white dwarfs, and Black dwarfs.

Front 25

What are old, large stars classified as? What are the three types of these stars?

Back 25

Old, Large stars are classifed as Giant and Supergiant Stars. Three types of these stars are Red Giants, SuperGiant and Blue Giant.

Front 26

What are the 4 types of virtually dead stars?

Back 26

The four types of virtually dead stars are; White dwarfs, Brown dwarfs, Neutron Stars and Pulsars.

Front 27

In a spiral galaxy, where are the old stars located? Where are the young stars located?

Back 27

The old stars are located in the central bulge. The young stars are located in the spiral Arm and the dust and gas lit by UV light.

Front 28

White types of stars are at the center of an elliptical galaxy?

Back 28

Red giant stars are the center of an elliptical galaxy.

Front 29

What are two theories on how irregular galaxies form?

Back 29

-when galaxies collide or come close to one another and their gravitational forces work together.
-another source of irregular galaxies may be very young galaxies that have not fully grown into the possible geometric shape.

Front 30

What is a black hole?

Back 30

the evolutionary endings of stars that are at least 10 to 15 time larger than the sun.

Front 31

What is the Swartzchild radius?

Back 31

The Swartzchild radius is a radius that the escapes speed is equal to the speed of light and once light passes through the radius, it cannot escape.

Front 32

What is a constellation?

Back 32

A constellation is a group of stars that, when seen from earth form a pattern.

Front 33

How many constellations are there?

Back 33

88

Front 34

Are the big and little dipper constellations? If not what are they?

Back 34

No, the Big and Little Dipper are asterisms, which are smaller apparent star patterns that are in a constellation.

Front 35

What is the zodiac?

Back 35

The Zodiac is a band of 12 constellations along the ecliptic.

Front 36

What is the difference between a seasonal constellation and a circumpolar constellation?

Back 36

Circumpolar constellations are constellations that never rise or set. The rest of the constellations are divided into seasonal constellations.

Front 37

Does luminosity on a HertzSprung Russel Diagram go up or down?

Back 37

up

Front 38

Does temperature on the x axis of a HertzSprung Russel Diagram increase left or right?

Back 38

left

Front 39

Our sun would fit into what color main sequence star?

Back 39

Yellow main sequence star- yellow dwarf

Front 40

What are the 2 layers of our sun? And Describe Each

Back 40

Core (middle of the sun)- 27,000,000 degrees F

Photosphere (outer visible layer, surface)- 11,000 degrees F,

Front 41

What are the 3 events that can take place on the photosphere?

Back 41

- sun spots(cooler region of the photosphere cuased by strong magnetic fields,
-solar flares (explosions of hydrogen), and
-solar promeninces(arcs and loops of gas that erupt from the surface of the sun).

Front 42

Where are we located?

Back 42

In the Milky Way, in an arm because we are young

Front 43

Black holes have zero?

Back 43

gravity

Front 44

What are the two myths that arent true?

Back 44

suck things in
and transport to different dimensions

Front 45

Black holes are so powerful that they?

Back 45

have a lot of gravity because they dont let any light out