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275 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Message
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Quick single message which focuses on what you want
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Accommodation
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Minimize things, feel powerless, give up more than the other side
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Active listening
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when the listener gives feedback to the speaker and restates or paraphrases what they have stated
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Adjourn
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To end the meeting
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Advance organizer
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Be clear, be concise, be complete, be correct, be concrete, connect
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Affirmative
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Agreement with the resolution
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After-dinner speech
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Light speech, can be entertaining without being funny, be relaxed, use a theme, quotes, statistics, visuals should be used with it
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Aggressive Tone
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"my way or the highway", wants to win at all costs
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Amend
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To change or alter the motion
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Analogy
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relating two similar things
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Anecdote
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Personal additive that relates to you
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Appreciative listening
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most basic listening(music, nature)
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Argument
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Reasons that favor the side
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Articulation
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the crispness of your voice
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Assertive Tone
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direct, but tactful; considers location, timing, intensity, and relationships; solves problems
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Audience Analysis
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What do they know? What is interesting? How formal? What do they want to know?
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Author card
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sorted by author
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Avoidance
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Do not take a position/Neutrality
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Begging the Question
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assuming that whatever you are trying to prove is true
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Body
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The heart, brain, and nerve center of the speech
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Body language
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what you are doing with your body while you are speaking
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Brainstorming
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bouncing ideas off and beginning to organize thoughts
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bridge
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transition from one answer to another or a chance to make a point
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Brief
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Summary so you can see relevant issues at a glance
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Briefing
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Changes in policy or procedure/Coaches, editors, politicians
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Burden of Proof
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Duty to prove
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Bylaws
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Rules set by the group on how to run the meeting (e.g. Quorum)
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Call the Question
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Call for a vote on a motion
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Captive audience
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The audience has no choice but to listen
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Card catalogue
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What books the library has
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Case
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Combination of all the debaters arguments and evidence
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Case Study
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uses inductive reasoning
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Causally
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events may not be correlated
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Cause-effect pattern
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From event to outcome
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Chain-of-Communication
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line of authority in which communication is passed
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Chair
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Conducts meeting, calls meeting to order, keeps members in line, works through agenda or orders of the day
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Chalk talk
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Use visual aids to give directions; Coaches, directors with blocking, drivers' ed
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Chronological pattern
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in sequence
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Circumstantial Evidence
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error in reasoning by sign
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Climactic pattern
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In rank order
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Cohesion
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group must respect each other and have a unified goal
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Collaboration
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Win-Win, builds on a consensus
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Commemorative speech
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recalls historic aspects, inspiring
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Commencement address
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positive and uplifting, pay respect to past, focus on future
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Common Ground
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a basis agreed to by all parties for reaching a mutual understanding.
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Communication
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The process of the sender sending a message to a receiver who then gives feedback.
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Communication Apprehension
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Being afraid to speak in public.
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Communication Barrier
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Obstacles that prevent the speaker from delivering their message to the receiver, which the speaker must try to avoid. Examples include: Attitudinal, Cultural, Educational, Environmental, and Social.
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Competency
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Ability to address the topic
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Competition
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Opposite of accommodation, can be win-lose
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Competitive
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debating, working to achieve a goal over someone else's
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Composure
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Poise, being able to control
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Compromise
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Appealing to both sides
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Compromise
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Each side gives up something, not much resolved
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Confidence
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Noun The feeling or belief that one can rely on someone or something; firm trust: "we had every confidence in the staff". The state of feeling certain about the truth of something.
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Conflict management
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the ability to turn a potentially negative situation into a positive one
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Consensus
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total group agreement (not specifically defined)
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Constructive
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Special speeches that build the argument
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Constructive conflict
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using ideas to make suggestions better
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Content
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Adjective In a state of peaceful happiness. Verb Satisfy (someone). Noun A state of satisfaction: "the greater part of the century was a time of content".
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Conviction
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Noun A formal declaration that someone is guilty of a criminal offense, made by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court... A firmly held belief or opinion.
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Cooperative
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This is not a debate, Working towards same goal
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Correlated
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having a relationship in which one thing affects or depends on another
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Courtesy
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showing politeness in attitude and behavior toward others
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Credentials
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Previous experience
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Criteria
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set of standards for a solution to meet
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Critical listening
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evaluate if what you hear has value
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Cultural literacy
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Knowing the cultural background of what you talk about
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Cutaway
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A visual aid where you break down a diagram or picture
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Database
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An online catalogue that has many different articles
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Debate
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Method of interactive and representational argument
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Dedication
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The quality of being committed to a task or purpose.
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Deduction
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from general to specific
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Definition
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What something means
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Delivery
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the mode or manner that a speaker uses to transmit words to an audience
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diagram
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Show how something works
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Dialogue
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The content of the message sent by the sender.
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Dialogue
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a conversation between multiple people
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Disclaimer
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Limits your responsibility for what's being said
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Discriminative listening
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single out sounds from a noisy environment
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Discussion
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is a cooperative exchange of information, opinions and ideas.
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disruptive conflict
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Disruptive Conflict it Polarizing, Nitpickers, Eager beavers, Fence sitters, Wisecrackers, Superior Beings, Dominators
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Door opener
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an effective way of gaining success
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Dramatic interpretation
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acting while prose and poetry suggest character
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Emotional Appeal
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Strikes a chord
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Empathetic listening
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acting as a sounding board (you hear to offer solutions)
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Empathy
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The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.
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Enthusiasm
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Noun Intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval. A thing that arouses such feelings.
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Ethical Appeal
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natural honesty
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Ethics
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A person's sense of right and wrong.
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Ethos
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Credibility /honesty
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Eulogy
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honoring someone who died, decide on biographical or topical approach, use sensitivity
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Evidence
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anything that establishes fact
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Executive Session
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Session called by the chair
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Extemporaneous Method
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don't write it down word-for-word; write down key points and transitions
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Eye contact
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looking into the eyes of the person you are speaking to while they look into yours
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Fallacy
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a failure in reasoning that renders an argument invalid
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False Analogy
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things not related
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false comparison
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false analogy, take information and draw a false conclusion
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False Premise
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error in deduction
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Fear
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Biological process by which animals get the energy to do the job. Two types of energy: From regular system and from emergency system or adrenaline
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Feedback
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The receiver's' response to the sender's message. Examples include: Facial expressions, eye contact, body language, questions.
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Filter
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what will distort listening
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Fireside chat
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Addressing concerns/FDR, can be used by heads of organizations to discuss policies and goals
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Flowsheet
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A flow chart, used to see the logical order of how an argument follows its point
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Follow Up Question
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a question asked to give further information on a previously reported one
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Format
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Procedure employed, order in which speakers speak, makes debate fair
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Forum
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time when members of a panel discussion invite or direct questions
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Friendliness
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a feeling of liking for another person; enjoyment in their company.
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Gesture
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any movement done with your hands while speaking
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Ghostwriter
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someone who is paid to writer for others
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Goodwill
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Good intention
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Graph
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Make numbers tangible -show relationships in data
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Groupthink
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The practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility. (Google)
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Handout
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Weakness is the distraction
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Hasty Generalization
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sample is too small or not representative
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House
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The group of members as a whole
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Humorous interpretation
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Acting while prose and poetry suggest character
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Ignoring the Question
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personal attacks or prejudice
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Impression
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An idea, feeling, or opinion about something or someone, esp. one formed without conscious thought or on the basis of little evidence. An effect produced on someone.
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Impromptu Method
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not rehearsed
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Incidental Motion
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Motion that relates in varying ways to main and other motions
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Index
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At the back, where exact information is placed alphabetically
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Indifferent audience
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Members are often apathetic; often they are a captive audience (forced to be in attendance)
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Induction
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from specific to general
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Inflection
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emphasizing different words
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Informal Debate
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Arguments, disagreements
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Informal Language
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for friends, includes slang and inside
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Integrity
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Accepting responsibility
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Integrity
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How likely someone is to keep their word, how truthful one is
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Interlibrary loan
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When libraries lend books to each other
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Interpersonal Communication
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One-on-one communication.
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Interview
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series of questions meant to diagnose whether you are right for a job and/or a job is right for you.
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Interviewer
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the person who conducts the interview
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Intimate distance
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under 18 inches (confidential exchanges)
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Intrapersonal Communication
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Conversation with yourself.
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Introduction
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attention getter, thesis statement, preview
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Jump on the bandwagon
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when one person does something and many copy what they have done, metaphorically jumping on the bandwagon
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Leader
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A person who effectively uses leadership skills
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Leadership
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an ability to motivate and unite others to work together to accomplish a specific task
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Leading Question
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a question that suggests or leads you into a specific or desired answer
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Link
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Goes between attention- getter and thesis and links the two, developing a bridge
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Logic
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inductive or deductive reasoning
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Logical Appeal
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Sequence in organization and analysis
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Logos
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Be organized, offer proof
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Main heading
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The heading of your topics
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Main Motion
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The main part of a motion brought up
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Manuscript Method
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write and read
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Map
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Show routes, locations, relationships
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Memorized Method
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write and commit speech to memory
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Message
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Words, body language and symbols that convey an idea.
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Minutes
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Info of previous meeting, include time and place of previous meeting, names of members attending, weather previous minutes read and/or approved, summary of reports, main motions, major points, requests for info, time of adjournments
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mock interview
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rehearsal for an interview meant to acclimate the future interviewee to the conditions of being interviewed
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Model
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3D aid to speech
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Moderator
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what a leader should be, starts the meeting and sets the agenda
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Monotone
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unchanging in pitch ad without inflection
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Motivation
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The desire to treat both people and situations fairly, the desire to set a good example.
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Name calling
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calling people a name that is insulting and derogatory
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Narrative
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a story told by the speaker
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Narrowing
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Breaking down by time, space, extent covered, divide
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Negative
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Disagreement with the resolution
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Negotiation
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Discussion between two or more parties to resolve conflicts, make deals, and help buy, sell, or borrow things
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Networking
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Making connections in the world, business world, or field you wish to enter. Getting your name out there, getting references
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Newness
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the quality of being new; the opposite of oldness.
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Nonassertive Tone
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doesn't talk much, backs down, hard to read
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Nonverbal communication
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Communication that is delivered without the use of words.
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Nonverbal message
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any form of communication that is not speaking (gestures, body position, facial expressions, tone of voice)
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Notes
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Noun A brief record of facts, topics, or thoughts, written down as an aid to memory. Verb Notice or pay particular attention to (something): "noting his mother's unusual gaiety".
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Old Business
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Business from previous meetings
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Online
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On the internet
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Open Ended Question
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a question that cannot be answered with only a yes or a no
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Opposed audience
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Opposed -hostile towards you; objective should be to get a fair hearing
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Oral or Verbal Communication
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Communication that is spoken.
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Orator
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Another name for a speaker.
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Oratory/Rhetoric
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Art of studying public speaking.
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Order or Precedence
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The order of importance
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Orders of the Day
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Begins with old business, moves to new business, then final calls for motion to adjourn
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Organization
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The structure or arrangement of related or connected items.
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Original oratory
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Topic you feel strongly about, 10 minutes, persuasive and motivational
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Outline
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The map of the speech
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Overhead Projector
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Weakness is quality, noise, and can't build
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Panel
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informal, members face audiences but talk to each other, open forum may follow
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Paraphrase
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to restate something you have heard but in a different way
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Paraphrasing
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Changing a few of the words of another without attribution
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Parliamentary Procedure
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Do one thing at a time, majority decides, protect rights of the minority
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Passive listening
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when the listener listens intently to the speaker, not giving any feedback
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Pathos
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Words arouse feeling in audience
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pause
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Another chance to show initiative
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People Skills
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people like you, you know protocol, you respect chain-of-command, you know how to get people to work together
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Perception
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The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses.
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Personal distance
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1.5 to 4 feet (conversations with friends and colleagues)
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Personal space
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region around a person which they believe belongs to them
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Persuasive speaking
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Induce your audience to believe as you do/Influence your audience to cause an action
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Phobia
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An extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something: "he had a phobia about being under water"; "a phobia of germs".
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Pitch
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highs and lows of your voices
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Plagiarism
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Copying or imitating the language, ideas, or thoughts of another without attribution
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Platform Movement
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purposeful rhythm and flow
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Playing with Numbers
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manipulating figures
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Portfolio
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(not specifically defined in ppt) collection of examples of past works to display skills
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Posture
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how you hold your body
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Premise
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an assertion which forms the basis for a conclusion
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Preview statement
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One or two sentences that give the audience an overview of the major point
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Privileged Motion
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Motion that goes in front of ordinary business due to great importance
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Problem-solution pattern
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From problem to action steps
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Professional Communication
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use of technical or standard language in conversation
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Pronunciation
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saying the words properly
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Proof
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Research, logic
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Proposition
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Statement or opinion, idea
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Protocol
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system of digital message formats and rules for exchanging messages
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Proxemics
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how much space there is to move around in
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Public lecture
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Special interest or expertise, invited to speak/Conventions, organizations
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pull ball
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easy questions that give opening to talk like, "Tell me about yourself."
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Purpose statement
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The purpose of this speech is to _______
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Questions of evaluation
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moderator tool; Ask members to agree or disagree on possible solutions
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Questions of fact
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Moderator tool- Ask the group to recall information on the business at hand
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Questions of interpretation
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Moderator tool- Ask them to give opinions on what the information means
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Quorum
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number of members required to take a vote
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Quotation
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Direct evidence from research
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Quotation
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Somebody someone has already said
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Rapport
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a good relationship with good communication in which people understand each other's feelings and ideas
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Rate
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the speed at which you talk
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Reasoning
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the process of thinking and drawing conclusions
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Rebuttal
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Speech that contradicts an earlier argument
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Receiver
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One who interprets the message by transmitting feedback through words, body language and symbols. Responsibilities include: Think before you speak, Articulate your words, Watch the receiver.
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Reconsider
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To change opinion or vote
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Refute
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Show argument is wrong, important part of the debate
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Reputation
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How people perceive you
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Resolution
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Formally introduces an opinion
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Résumé
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formal version of your personal inventory; contains Identification, Your objective or job goal, Education and training, Work history, Personal data, Reference statement
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Round table
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panel with 3-8 people sitting around a table discuss or suggest
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Sender
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One who transmits the message. Responsibilities include: Think before you speak, Articulate your words, Watch the receiver.
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Sign
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physical evidence
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Sincerity
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Seriousness, gravity of the situation
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Social Communication
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use of informal language in conversation
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Social distance
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4 to 12 feet (social and business exchanges)
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sound bite
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A short extract from a recorded interview, chosen for its pungency or appropriateness.
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Spatial pattern
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By origin or source
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Speech of acceptance
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An impromptu, be brief and direct, discuss the importance of award, thank the people giving you the award, thank those who helped, reiterate appreciation
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speech of presentation
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Differs on occasion, state the person's name early, explain significance, highlight uniqueness of person, use anecdotal info and list of achievements, give award
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Stack the deck
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arrange things against someone or something
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Stage Fright
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Noun Nervousness before or during an appearance before an audience.
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Standard Language
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commonly accepted, used in school and on the job, uses proper grammar and sentence structure
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Status Quo
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The way things are now
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Status report
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Update on project/Business and social groups
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Stereotyping
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Labeling people based on their group and a preconceived idea.
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Subject
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person or thing that is being discussed
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Subject card
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sorted by subject
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subordination
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Three main headings, with information underneath
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Subsidiary motion
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Deliberative assembly deals with main motion
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Summarize
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to restate something you have heard but without the details and focusing on the core and utmost importance of the topic
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Supporting materials
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Things that back up your topics
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Supportive audience
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Friendly; reinforce what they say and already accept and strengthen ties with them
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Syllogism
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two premises and a conclusion
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symbol
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Anything that stands for an idea, such as Possessions, Clothing, Signs, Gestures.
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Symposium
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formal discussion, presents opposing points of view, experts deliver short speeches on a specific topics, has a discussion leader
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Table a Motion
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To set aside a motion
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Table of Contents
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Tells what chapters are in a book, by subject
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tact
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adroitness and sensitivity in dealing with others or with difficult issues
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Technical Language
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used on the job, uses abbreviations and terms
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Testimonial
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telling someone how wonderful somebody is or thanking someone
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Testimonial speech
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honoring a living person, few minutes long, warm and caring, know what you're talking about, research the person
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Thesis
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The goal of a speech or thought on which speech is based
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Thesis statement
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Clarifies the overall goal of your speech, states your specific topic
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Title card
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sorted by title
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Tone
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uliofquality son's voice in communication
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Tone of voice
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the pitch and timbre of your voice show your true feelings (angry, sad, happy)
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Town hall meeting
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dating back to colonies (then vote taken after town discussion), today used on TV in the audience and at home to speak their minds and answer expert questions
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Transition
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The link between topics
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Unbiased
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No tendency to lean one way over the other
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Uncommitted audience
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Neutral/ members need information so they can make up their minds
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Verbatim
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word for word
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Vision
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The ability to see more than the obvious
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Vocal Process
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the power source for a speech
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Volume
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the loudness or softness of your voice
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Written Communication
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A form of communication that is read.
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