Speech Test 1

Front 1

communication

Back 1

the process of acting on information

Front 2

human communication

Back 2

the process of making sense out of the world and sharing that sense with others by creating meaning though verbal and nonverbal messages

Front 3

symbol

Back 3

a word, sound, gesture, or visual image that represents a thought, concept, object, or experience

Front 4

ethics

Back 4

the beliefs, values, and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong

Front 5

source

Back 5

the originator of a thought or emotion, who puts it into a code that can be understood by a reciver

Front 6

encoding

Back 6

the process of translating ideas, feelings, and thoughts, into a code

Front 7

decoding

Back 7

the process of interpreting ideas, feelings, and thoughts that have been translated into a code

Front 8

reciver

Back 8

the person who decodes a message and attempts to make sense of what the source has encoded

Front 9

message

Back 9

written, spoken, and unspoken elements of communication to which people assign meaning

Front 10

channel

Back 10

the pathway through which messages are sent

Front 11

noise

Back 11

interfernce, either literal or psychological, that hinders the accurate encoding or decoding of a message.

Front 12

feedback

Back 12

the response to a message

Front 13

context

Back 13

the physical, historical, and psycholgical communication enviornment

Front 14

mediated communication

Back 14

any communication that is carried out using some channel other than those used in face-to-face communication

Front 15

synchronous communication

Back 15

communication in which timing is our of sync; there is a time delay between when you send a message and when it is received

Front 16

content

Back 16

the new information, ideas, or suggested actions that a communicatior whiches to express; what is said

Front 17

relationship dimension

Back 17

the aspect of a communication message that offers cues about the emotions, attitudes, and amount of power and control the speacker directs toward others; how something is said

Front 18

rule

Back 18

a followable presctiption that indicates what behavior is required or preferred and what behavior is prohibited in a specific situation

Front 19

intrapersonal communication

Back 19

communication that occurs within yourself, including your thoughts and emotions

Front 20

language

Back 20

the system of symbols (word or vocabulary) structured by rules (grammer) that makes it possible for people to understande one another

Front 21

nonverbal communication

Back 21

communication by means other than written or spoken language that creates meaning for someone

Front 22

other-oriented

Back 22

being focued on the needs and concerns of others while maintaining one's personal integrity

Front 23

adapt

Back 23

to adjust both what is communicated and how a message is communicated; to make choices about how best to formulate a message and respond to others to achieve your communication goals

Front 24

interpersonal communication

Back 24

communication that occurs simulaneously between two people who attempt to mutually influence each other, usually for the purpose of managing relationships

Front 25

inpersonal communciation

Back 25

communication that reats people as objects, or that responds only to their roles, rather than to who they are as unique people.

Front 26

group

Back 26

a collection of people who have a common goal, fell a sense of belonging to the group, and inflence each other

Front 27

small group communication

Back 27

the reansactive process of creating meaning among three to about fifteen people who chare a common purpose, fell a sense of belongin to the group, and exert influence on one another

Front 28

dyad

Back 28

two interactin people

Front 29

team

Back 29

a coordinated group of people interntionally organized to work toegher to achieve a common goal

Front 30

presentational communication

Back 30

communication that occures when a speaker addesses a gethering of people in order to infom, persuade, or entertain them

Front 31

rhetoric

Back 31

the process of using symbols to influence or persuade others

Front 32

mass communcation

Back 32

communciation accomplished through a mediated message that is sent to many people at the same time.

Front 33

organizational communication

Back 33

the study of human communication as it occures within organizations

Front 34

health communciation

Back 34

the study of communication that has an impact on human health

Front 35

symbolic self-awareness

Back 35

a unique human ability to develop and communicate a representation of ones self to others through oneself to others through language

Front 36

self

Back 36

the sum of who you are as a person; your central inner force

Front 37

slef-concept

Back 37

you interior identity of subjective description of who you think you are.

Front 38

self-image

Back 38

your view of yourself in a particular situation or cirumstance

Front 39

attitude

Back 39

a learned prediposition to respond to a person, object, or idea in a favorable or unfavorable way.

Front 40

belief

Back 40

the way in which you structure your understandin of reality-what is true and what is false

Front 41

value

Back 41

an enduring concept of good and bad, right, and wrong.

Front 42

material self

Back 42

the element of the self reflected in all the tangible things you own

Front 43

social self

Back 43

you concept of self as develped through you personal, social interactions with others

Front 44

spiritual self

Back 44

you concept of self, based on beliefs and you sense of who you are in relationship to other forces in the universe; also includes your thoughts and introspections about your values and moral standers

Front 45

avowed identity

Back 45

an identit you assign to yourself and portray

Front 46

ascribed identity

Back 46

An identity assigned to you by others

Front 47

self-reflexiveness

Back 47

the human ability to think about what you are doing while you are doing it.

Front 48

self-esteem

Back 48

your assessment of your worth or values as reflected in your perception of such things as your skill, abilites, talents, and apperarance

Front 49

self-concept clarity

Back 49

the extent to which beliefs about oneself are clearly and confidently identified and stable over time

Front 50

sex

Back 50

the biological and physiological characeristics that make a person female or male

Front 51

gender

Back 51

a cultural construcation that includes one's biological sex, psychologiacl characteristics (femininity, ,asculinity, androgyny), attitudes about the sexes, and secual orientation

Front 52

social comparison

Back 52

process of comparing oneself to others to measure one's worth in relationship to others who are similar

Front 53

self-expectations

Back 53

goals you set for yourself; how you belive you ought to behave and what you ought to accomplish

Front 54

self-fulfilling prophecy

Back 54

the notion that predictions about one's future are likely to come true because one believes that they will come true

Front 55

intrapersonal communication

Back 55

how you take in stimuli in the enciorment or information and make sense our of it; also thought and ideas that you say to yourself

Front 56

self-talk

Back 56

inner speech; communication with the self

Front 57

visualization

Back 57

the technique of imagining that you are performing a particualr task in a certain way; a method of enhancing self-esteem

Front 58

reframing

Back 58

the process of redefining events and experiences from a different point of view

Front 59

perception

Back 59

the arousal of any of your senses

Front 60

attention

Back 60

the act of perceiving stimuli in your environment

Front 61

selection

Back 61

the act of choosing specific stimuli in you enviorment to focus on

Front 62

organization

Back 62

converting information into convenient, understandable, and efficient patters that allow us to make sense of what we have observes

Front 63

closure

Back 63

the perceptual process of filling in missing information

Front 64

interpretation

Back 64

attaching meaning to what is attended to, selected and organized

Front 65

stereotype

Back 65

a generalization applied to persons percieved to have attributes common to a particular group

Front 66

indirect perception checking

Back 66

using you own perceptual abilites to seek additional information to confirm or refute you interpretations of someone's behavior

Front 67

direct perception checking

Back 67

asking someone else wheter your interpretations of what you perceive are correct

Front 68

language

Back 68

a system of symbols (words or voc) structured by rules (grammar) and patterns (syntax) common to a community of people

Front 69

meaning

Back 69

a person's interpretation of a symbol

Front 70

bypassing

Back 70

a communication problem that arises when the same words mean different things to differnet people

Front 71

denotative meaning

Back 71

the restrictive, or literal, meaning of a word

Front 72

connotative meaning

Back 72

the personal and subjective meaning of a word

Front 73

concrete meaning

Back 73

meaning that refers to something that can be precievied with one of the senses

Front 74

neologism

Back 74

a new term introduced into a language

Front 75

abstract meaning

Back 75

meaning that referes to something that cannot be percived or experiences with one of the senses

Front 76

culture

Back 76

a learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitueds, belifes, values, rules, and norms that is shared by a group of people and shaped from one generation to the next

Front 77

polarization

Back 77

the tendency to describe things in extremes, as though no middle ground existed

Front 78

allness

Back 78

a word barrier created through the use of language that reflects unqualified, often untrue generalizations that deny individual differences or variations

Front 79

sexist (exclusive) language

Back 79

language that reveals bias in favor of one sex and against another

Front 80

heterosexist language

Back 80

language that reveals an assumption that the world is heterosexual, as if homosexuality or bisexuality did not exist

Front 81

homophobic language

Back 81

language that overtly denigrates persons of nonheterosexual orientations, usually arising out of a feat of being labeled gay of lesbian

Front 82

generic language

Back 82

general terms that stands for all persons or things within a given category

Front 83

trigger word

Back 83

a form of language that arouses strong emotions in listeners

Front 84

supportive communication

Back 84

lanuguage that vreats a climate of trust, caring, and accpetance

Front 85

defensive communciation

Back 85

language that dreats a climate of hostility and mistrust

Front 86

empathy

Back 86

the ability to understand and feel what another person is feeling

Front 87

expectancy violations model

Back 87

a model that suggests that we develop ruels or expections for appropriate nonverbal behavior and react when those expectations are violated

Front 88

perception checking

Back 88

the skill of asking other observers or the person being pbserved whether your interpretation of his or her nonverbal beavior is accurate

Front 89

artifact

Back 89

clothing or another element of appearance (eg jewelry, tattoos, piercing, makeup, cologne)

Front 90

kinesics

Back 90

human movement, gesture, and posture

Front 91

emblem

Back 91

a nonverbal cue that has a specific, generally understood meaning in a given culture and may substiture for a word or phrase

Front 92

illustrator

Back 92

a nonverbal behavior that accompanies a verbal message and either complements, contradicts, or accents it.

Front 93

affect display

Back 93

a nonverbal behavior that communicated emotions

Front 94

regulator

Back 94

a nonverbal behavior that helps to control the interaction or level of communication between people

Front 95

adaptor

Back 95

a nonverbal behavior that helps satisfy a personal need and allos a person to adapt or respond to the immediate siruation

Front 96

quasi-courtship behavior

Back 96

nonverbal behaviors exhibited both consciously and unconsciously when we are attreacted to someone.

Front 97

haptics

Back 97

the study of human touch

Front 98

touch ethic

Back 98

a person's own guidelines or standards as to appropriate and inappropriate touch

Front 99

paralanguage (vocalics)

Back 99

nonverbal aspects of voice (pitch, rate, volume, use of silence)

Front 100

back-channel cue

Back 100

a vocal cue that signals when we want to talk and when we don't

Front 101

response latency

Back 101

the amount of time it takes someone to formulate a response to a statement of question in conversation

Front 102

proxemics

Back 102

the study of how close or far away from people and objects we position ourselves

Front 103

territoriality

Back 103

the study of how human use space and objects to communicate occupancy or ownership of space

Front 104

territorial marker

Back 104

a thing or action that signifies an area has been claimed

Front 105

immediacy

Back 105

nonverbal behaviors such as eye contact, forward lean, touch, and open body orientation that communicate feelings of interest and excitment

Front 106

dominance

Back 106

nonverbal behaviors such as relaxed posture, greater personal space, and protect personal space that communicate power status and control

Front 107

androgynous

Back 107

exhibiting both masculine and feminine characteristics

Front 108

homophobia

Back 108

fear or aversion to, or discrimination against gays or lesbians

Front 109

ethnicity

Back 109

a social classification based on factors, such as nationality, religon, and language as well as ancestral heritage, that are shared by a group of people with a common geographic origin

Front 110

discreimination

Back 110

the unfair or inappropriate treatment or people based on their group membership

Front 111

globalization

Back 111

the integration of economics and technology that is contributing to a worldwide, interconnected budiness enviorment

Front 112

culture

Back 112

a learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, belifes, values, and norms that is shared by a group of people and shaped from one generation to the next

Front 113

co-culture

Back 113

a culture that exists within a larger cultureal context (gay and lesbian cultures, amish culture)

Front 114

intercultural communication

Back 114

communication between people who have differnet cultureal traditions

Front 115

culture shock

Back 115

fellings of confusion, loss, stress, and anxiety that a person may experience when encountering a culture different from his or her own

Front 116

worldview

Back 116

a perspective shared by a culture or group of people about key, beliefs and issues, such as death, God, and the meaning of life, which influences interaction with others; the lens through which people in a given culture perceive the world around them

Front 117

cultural context

Back 117

additional information about a message that is communicated through nonverbal and envionmental cues rather than through language

Front 118

high-context culture

Back 118

a culture which people derive much information from nonverbal and enviornmental cues and less information from the words of a message

Front 119

low-context culture

Back 119

a culture in which people derive much information from the words of a message and less infromation from nonverbal and enviormental cues

Front 120

cultural values

Back 120

whatever a given group of people values or appreciated

Front 121

collectivistic culture

Back 121

a culture that places a high value on collaboration, teawork, and group achievement

Front 122

individualistic culture

Back 122

a culture that values individual achievement and personal accomplishments

Front 123

masculine culture

Back 123

a cultur ethat values achievement, assertiveness, heroism, material wealth, and traditional male and female roles

Front 124

feminine culture

Back 124

a culture that values being sensitive toward others and fostering harmonious personal realtionships with others

Front 125

ethnocentrism

Back 125

the belief that one's own cultural traditions and assumptions are superior to those of others

Front 126

prejudice

Back 126

a judgment of someone based on an assumption that you already know relevant facts or background information about the person

Front 127

intercultural communication competence

Back 127

the ability to adapt one's behavior toward another person in ways that are appropiate to the other person's culture

Front 128

ethnocentric cultural perspective

Back 128

the view that one's own culture is superior to all other cultures

Front 129

ethnorelative cultural perspective

Back 129

an appreciation for and sensitivity to cultural differences

Front 130

mindful

Back 130

aware of what you are doing and how you are communicating with others

Front 131

egocentric

Back 131

focused on onesefl and one's importance

Front 132

other-oriented communication

Back 132

communication in which we focus on the needs and concerns of others while maintaining our personal integrity; achieved through the processes of socially decentering and being empathic

Front 133

social dectering

Back 133

a cognitive process through which we talk take into account another person's thoughts, values, background, and perspectives

Front 134

empathy

Back 134

an emotional reaction that is similar to the reaction being experienced by another person

Front 135

sympathy

Back 135

an acknowledgment that someone is feeling a certain emotion, often grief' compassion