Speech Science Test 2 Week 8- Sep 30

Front 1

The proportion of harmonic sound to noise (in decibels) is referred to as

Back 1

Harmonics to noise ratio (HNR)

Front 2

Lower the HNR, the more the ___________

Back 2

noise

Front 3

Higher the HNR, the more the ________________________

Back 3

harmonic components

Front 4

The HNR is useful for ____________ and _______________ assessments

Back 4

objective; quantitative

Front 5

The HNRs for children and older adults is __________ than the HNR of young and middle aged adults

Back 5

less

Front 6

The HNRs for ______________________________ is less than the HNR of ____________________________

Back 6

children and older adults; young and middle aged adults

Front 7

HNR in dB is _________ in males & ________ females

Back 7

15.63; 15.38

Front 8

Evaluates VF function noninvasively by generating a waveform that reflects the opening and closing of the VFs.

Back 8

Electroglottography (EGG)/ Laryngography

Front 9

Electroglottography (EGG)/ Laryngography was developed in 1950s and refined in the 1970s by ___________________.

Back 9

Andrain Fourcin

Front 10

Electroglottography (EGG)/ Laryngography works on the principles of ________________________

Back 10

conduction of electricity

Front 11

During an electroglottography (EGG)/ laryngography two surface electrodes & placed on either side of the ________________

Back 11

thyroid cartilage

Front 12

A ______________ frequency signal of very low current is generated and passed through the electrodes. Is the electroglottography/larngography a safe procedure?

Back 12

high; yes

Front 13

___________________are good conductors of electricity and ________ is poor conductor of electricity

Back 13

human tissues, air

Front 14

When VFs open, a large body of air is present between them which causes _______________ resistance to the flow of current from one electrode to other. There is than a ____________ voltage/amplitude of the waveform

Back 14

increased;decreased

Front 15

When VFs close, tissues in contact to each other, there is ______________ resistance to the flow of current from one electrode to other. There is then an ____________________ voltage/amplitude of the waveform

Back 15

decreased;increased

Front 16

Change of resistance (voltage) as the vocal folds open and close is displayed on a screen as a _________________________.

Back 16

Lx waveform

Front 17

LX waveform reflects the _______________ of the VF vibration. It represents all the ___________ involved in a VF vibration.

Back 17

duty cycle; phases

Front 18

What are the different phases of a vf vibration

Back 18

closing, closed, opening, and open

Front 19

***review vf vibration chart***

Back 19

***review vf vibration chart***

Front 20

______ can indicate various voice qualities based on the shape of the waveform

Back 20

EGG

Front 21

EGG can indicate various ___________________ based on the shape of the waveform

Back 21

voice qualities

Front 22

EGG can indicate various voice qualities based on the shape of the _______________-

Back 22

waveform

Front 23

Each register is associated with a __________________________

Back 23

characteristic Lx wave

Front 24

The closing phase has a _____________ slope than opening phase

Back 24

steeper

Front 25

VF closing is ____________________ and VF opening is _______________________.

Back 25

quick and abrupt; slow and gradual

Front 26

The pulse register has more than one peak per cycle & it is known as a _______________________ closure pattern

Back 26

biphasic or multiphasic

Front 27

When an opening phase may have one or more minor openings and closings before the VFs completely close, this is an example of a ___________________ closure pattern

Back 27

biphasic or multiphasic

Front 28

Describe the wave of a pulse register.

Back 28

Wave with sharp, short pulses followed by a long closed glottal interval

Front 29

In a pulse register there are ___________ cycles per second than in modal register

Back 29

fewer

Front 30

Register in which the No of Lx cycles is increased greatly

Back 30

falsetto

Front 31

A falsetto is More like a ___________________ wave

Back 31

sinusoidal

Front 32

A falsetto has extreme ______________________ and possible ___________________ (or absence of closed phase)

Back 32

longitudinal tension; incomplete closure

Front 33

During a falsetto, the motion of the VFs remains ______________ but alternates between a more and a less open glottis.

Back 33

periodic

Front 34

Quantitative measures that are based on the various proportions of time that each phase takes to complete. They are indications of VF behaviour during VF contact. Obtained for normal voices and voice disorders. Various phases of the duty cycle are measured in terms of their duration and quotients are obtained

Back 34

EGG slope quotients

Front 35

***review slide 14 egg quotients

Back 35

***review slide 14 egg quotients

Front 36

Duration of closed phase to the time of entire vibratory cycle

Back 36

closed quotient

Front 37

CQs in modal register are _____________

Back 37

0.50 to 0.60

Front 38

Higher CQ indicates ______________ duration of closure, while lower CQ indicates _______________ duration of closure

Back 38

longer, shorter

Front 39

Louder voice shows __________ CQ than soft voice

Back 39

higher

Front 40

Tense voice generates a higher CQ than ___________ voice

Back 40

breathy

Front 41

objective measure for vocal ____________________ or ___________________

Back 41

hyperfunction or hypofunction

Front 42

Ratio of the difference in time between the closing and opening phases, divided by the duration of the closed phase. Provides information about the way in which the VF are vibrating in a particular register

Back 42

Contact Index

Front 43

Relative durations of the closed and open phases of the duty cycle

Back 43

Closed to open ratio (C/O ratio)

Front 44

Longer closed phase=____________ C/O ratio
Shorter closed phase=__________ C/O ratio

Back 44

higher, lower

Front 45

Acoustic measurements(F0, intensity, jitter, shimmer) are used to evaluate the effectiveness of_________________________________________

Back 45

behavioral, medical, and surgical treatments

Front 46

What are some clinical applications of acoustic analyses?

Back 46

1) quick and easy method in screening programs in schools and hospitals
•2) assessment of patients by general practitioner and referral
•3) helps in supplementing diagnostic evaluation of voice problem (early detection of voice changes)
•4) helps in monitoring voice changes over a period of time (for patients receiving surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, speech therapy)

Front 47

Progressive neurologic disease (motor functions of the body deteriorate)

Back 47

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Front 48

Women with ALS > Healthy women (Jitter and shimmer values)

Back 48

Women with ALS > Healthy women (Jitter and shimmer values)

Front 49

What are causes of ALS?

Back 49

Due to changes in laryngeal structures
Increased accumulation of mucus on the vocal folds

Front 50

A disease caused by reduction in the neurotransmitter dopamine

Back 50

Parkinson's disease

Front 51

What are some acoustic features of Parkinson's Disease?

Back 51

-Higher F0
–Higher Jitter
–Lower intensity
–Decreased phonational range
–Decreased dynamic range

Front 52

produces varying degress of temporary and sometimes permanent damage to the laryngeal mechanism

Back 52

Endotracheal intubation

Front 53

Severe damage by endotracheal intubation cause ________________, while less severe damage causes

Back 53

complete loss of voice- aphonia; degrees of dysphonia

Front 54

What are some acoustic features of endotracheal intubation?

Back 54

Greater jitter and shimmer values in patient’s voice before and after surgery (1.5 to 23.5 hrs)

Front 55

When someone is diagnosed with laryngeal cancer is chemotherapy or radiation therapy beneficial?

Back 55

No

Front 56

What is someone referred for after being diagnosed with laryngeal cancer? What results after this?

Back 56

Laryngectomy (part or all of the Lx is removed); Reduced jitter values

Front 57

Improper use or overuse of voice causes ________________________

Back 57

functional voice problems

Front 58

Effectiveness of specific vocal techniques such as ______________________________________ has been documented using acoustic measures such as jitter and shimmer
(Functional Voice Problems)

Back 58

manual circumlaryngeal therapy

Front 59

Higher ____________________ in stuttering children than for non stuttering children

Back 59

shimmer

Front 60

What are some major clinical applications of voice quality?

Back 60

Need for objective measures of voice quality-
•Quantification
•Clinically needed to target the relevant dimensions for therapy
•Identify vocal changes that occur with normal aging
•Insurance purposes 

Front 61

An EGG is used before or after __________________________ for voice problems (functional hypokinetic dysphonia, functional hyperkinetic dysphonia, nodules, polyps and Reinke’s edema)

Back 61

surgery/speech therapy

Front 62

EGG measure quantifies VF contact area in ________________________

Back 62

spasmodic dysphonia

Front 63

EGG has been used to examine the effectiveness of various treatments for increasing intensity in patients with _____________________________.

Back 63

Parkinson's Disease

Front 64

A treatment which incorporates increased vocal intensity through improved vocal fold adduction, as well as increased respiratory effort.

Back 64

Lee Silver-man Vocal Treatment (LSVT)