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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Extemproaneous Mode
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a presenter often delivers a presentation from a key word outline or from brief notes
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Memorized Mode
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a presenter has committed a presentation to memory (ceremonial occasions where little audience or topic adaptation is needed)
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Manuscript Mode
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a presenter writes out the complete presentation in advance and then uses that manuscript to deliver the speech but without memorizing it.
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Impromptu Mode
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give a presentation without preparation
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Rate
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speed of delivery
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Pause
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a brief silent for effect
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Vocalized Pause
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a way of delaying sounds. "um" "ah" "whatevers"
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Alliteration
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repetition of initial sounds of words
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Duration
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how long something lasts
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Pitch
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highness or lowness of a speaker's voice, its upward and downward inflection, the melody produced by the voice
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Extemproaneous Mode
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a presenter often delivers a presentation from a key word outline or from brief notes
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Memorized Mode
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a presenter has committed a presentation to memory (ceremonial occasions where little audience or topic adaptation is needed)
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Manuscript Mode
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a presenter writes out the complete presentation in advance and then uses that manuscript to deliver the speech but without memorizing it.
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Impromptu Mode
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give a presentation without preparation
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Rate
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speed of delivery
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Pause
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a brief silent for effect
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Vocalized Pause
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a way of delaying sounds. "um" "ah" "whatevers"
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Alliteration
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repetition of initial sounds of words
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Duration
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how long something lasts
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Pitch
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highness or lowness of a speaker's voice, its upward and downward inflection, the melody produced by the voice
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Enunciation
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pronunciation and articulation of words
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Pronunciation
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production of the sounds of a word
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Articulation
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physiological process of creating the sounds
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Malapropisms
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mistaking one word for another
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Fluency
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smoothness of delivery
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Addition
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occurs when an extra sound is added
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Deletion
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occurs when a sound is dropped off
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Substitution
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occurs when one sound is replaced with another
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Transposition
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occurs when two sounds are reversed
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Gestures
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motions of the hands or body for emphasis or expression
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Enunciation
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pronunciation and articulation of words
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Pronunciation
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production of the sounds of a word
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Articulation
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physiological process of creating the sounds
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Malapropisms
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mistaking one word for another
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Fluency
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smoothness of delivery
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Addition
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occurs when an extra sound is added
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Deletion
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occurs when a sound is dropped off
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Substitution
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occurs when one sound is replaced with another
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Transposition
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occurs when two sounds are reversed
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Gestures
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motions of the hands or body for emphasis or expression
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Sapir Whorf Hypothesis
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our language determines to some extent how we think about and view the world
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Abstraction
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simplification standing for a person or thing
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Semanticists
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people who study words and meaning
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Levels of Abstraction
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the degree to which words become separated from concrete or sensed reality
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Abstract Words
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general, broad, and distant from what you can perceive through your senses
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Concrete Words
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specific, narrow, particular, and based on what you can sense
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Denotative
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direct,explicit meaning or reference of a word
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Connotative
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the idea suggested by a word other than its explicit meaning
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Descriptive Language
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attempts to observe objectively and without judgment
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Evaluative Language
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full of judgments about the goodness or badness of a person or situation
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Literal Language
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uses words to reveal facts
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Figurative Language
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compares one concept to another analogous but different concept
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Inclusive Language
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language that does not leave out groups of people
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Synonyms
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words that mean more or less the same thing
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Antonyms
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words that are opposite in meaning
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Etymology
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origin of a word
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Hyperbole
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kind of overstatement or use of a word or words that exaggerates the actul situation
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Oversimplification
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describing a complex issue as a simple one
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Dual coding
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the use of words accompanied by other sensory stimuli
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Tables
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use text/numbers to efficiently summarize, compare and contrast information
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Charts
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used to visually display quantitative or statistical information
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Bar and Column Charts
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illustrate the differences between categories of information
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Line Charts
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illustrate trends in quantitative data
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Pie Charts
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show percentages as a whole
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Flow Charts
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diagrams that represent a hierarchical structure or process
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Models
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scaled representations of an actual object or objects
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Speech to Inspire
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persuasive speech that influence listener's feelings or motivations (often occur at ceremonial events i.e church, graduations, rallies)
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Speech to Convince
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persuasive speech that is delivered with the intent of influencing listeners beliefs or attitudes
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Speech of Action
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persuasive speech given for the purpose of influencing listener's behaviors and actions
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Audience Analysis
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learning enough about the listeners so that you can predict their probable response to your message
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Critical Response
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occurs when the audience focues on the arguments, the quality of the evidence, and the truth or accuracy of the message
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Defensive Response
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occurs when the audience fends off the persuader's message to protect existing beliefs, attitudes, and values
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Compliance Response
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occurs when the audience does what is socially acceptable
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Explicit
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extent to which a speaker makes intentions clear in the message
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Testimonial evidence
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the words of a cited source in support of a presenter's claims
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Complete arguments
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including all the parts- claims and supporting material- to produce attitude change and improve source credibility
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Argument
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extent to which the presenter furnishes reasons for the message claims
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Question of Fact
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persuasive speaker seeks to uncover the truth based on fact
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Question of Value
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raises issues about goodness and badness, right and wrong, enlightenment and ignorance
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Question of Policy
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enters the realm of rules, regulation, and laws
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Boomerang Effect
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audience likes the presenter and the proposal even less after the presentation
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Small, Gradual Changes Persuade (persuasion strategy)
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audiences are more likely to alter their behavior if the suggested change will require small,gradual changes rather than abrupt
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Cost-Benefit Analysis (persuasion strategy)
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audiences are more likely to change their behavior if the suggested change will benefit them more than it will cost them
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Most Common Patterns of Organization for Persuasion Speeches
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problem solution and monroe-motivated sequence patterns
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Consistency Persuades (persuasion strategy)
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audiences are more likely to change their behavior if the suggested change is consistent with their present beliefs, attitudes, and values
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Hierarchy of Needs (persuasion strategy)
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Abraham Maslow's pyramid that builds from basic physiological needs all the way up to self actualization needs.
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Inductive
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persuader amasses a series of particular instances to draw an inference
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Deductive
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presenter bases her claim on some premise that is generally affirmed by the audience
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Fallacy
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an error in reasoning that weakens an argument
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Fallacies
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- Name Calling (liberal)
- Glittering Generality (embrace a word that symbolizes a high virtue) - Bandwagon (everyone is doing it) - Circular - Either/Or - Post Hoc (because of something.. this happened) |
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Ritual
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a ceremonial act that is characterized by qualities or procedures that are appropriate to the occasion
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Ornamental Language
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highly stylized (special occasion)
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Presentation to Welcome
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set a tone for a larger event by inviting all participants- including other presenters and audience members-to appropriately engage the event
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Presentations to Pay Tribute
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offer celebration and praise of a noteworthy person, organization or cause
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Speeches of Introduction
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designed to tell us about the person being introduced and to help establish their credentials or ethos
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Speeches of Nomination
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introduce and honor someone you wish to place in contention for an award, elected office , or some other competively selected position. Focus on qualifications of nominee and why those qualifications match the office.
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Dedication presentation
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honors someone by naming an event, place, or other object after the honoree
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Commemorative addresses
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designed to set a tone for the event- much like a welcome speech- and also usually the primary, or keynote presentation for the event (graduation ceremony)
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Farewell presentations
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person is paid tribute for his or her service before leaving
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Speeches of Recognition
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presenters are asked to give short presentations to introduce an award recipient
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Presentation to Entertain
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designed to make a point in a creative and oftentimes humorous way; after dinner speeches
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Self-Managed Work Teams
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groups of workers with different skills who work together to produce something or solve a problem
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Inclusion
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people need to belong to, or be include in a group with others
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Problem Questions
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focus on undesirable present state and imply that many solutions are possible
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Solution Questions
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slant the group's decision toward one particular option
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Criteria
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standards by which a group must judge potential solutions
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Absolute Criteria
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standards that must be met
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Important Criteria
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standards that should be met
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Brainstorming
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procedure that encourages creativity
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Symposium
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group presentation where individual members of the group divide a large topic into smaller topics for coordinated individual presentations
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Panels
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rely less on the transmission of information between the presenter and the audience, and focus more on interaction and dialogue in and among presenters and audience members
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Types of Symposium Speeches
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-Current Issue (detailed analysis of a current event)
-Multimedia (include multimedia resources) -Cultural (pick a culture and analyze it) -Teaching (taking complex ideas and teaching them to students) |
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Soft Evidence Reasoning
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analogies, quotations, and narratives
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Hard Evidence Reasoning
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Scientific proof, reliable-well known sources
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Reasoning from Cause
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demonstrate that the cause is linked to the effect and their are no possible alternatives
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Reasoning from Sign
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a sign that determines your conclusion (he has an umbrella, so it must be raining)
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Panels
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rely less on the transmission of information between the presenter and the audience, and focus more on interaction and dialogue in and among presenters and audience members
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Types of Symposium Speeches
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-Current Issue (detailed analysis of a current event)
-Multimedia (include multimedia resources) -Cultural (pick a culture and analyze it) -Teaching (taking complex ideas and teaching them to students) |
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Soft Evidence Reasoning
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analogies, quotations, and narratives
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Hard Evidence Reasoning
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Scientific proof, reliable-well known sources
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Reasoning from Cause
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demonstrate that the cause is linked to the effect and their are no possible alternatives
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Reasoning from Sign
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a sign that determines your conclusion (he has an umbrella, so it must be raining)
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