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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When do you use PRESENT PERFECT?
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what someone has done
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What is the conjugation of PRESENT PERFECT?
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he, has, ha, han, hemos
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What is the construction of PRESENT PERFECT?
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present tense of haber + past participle
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When do you use PAST PERFECT?
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what someone had done
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What is the construction of PAST PERFECT?
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imperfect tense of haber + past participle
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What is the conjugation of PAST PERFECT?
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habia, habias, habia, habiamos, habian
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When do you use the PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE?
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to talk about what has happened
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What is the conjugation of PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE?
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haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan
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What is the construction of PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE?
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present subjunctive of haber + past particple
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When is the subjunctive used in the subordinate clause (adjective?)
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When it refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that does not exist or whose existence is uncertain or indefinite
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When is the indicative used in the subordinate clause?
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When it refers to a known object, place, thing, or person
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Affirmative nosotros commands rules?
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Always have object pronouns attached, with written accent. For negative commands, object pronouns should be attached behind
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How do you use past participles as adjectives?
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Add -ado for -ar verbs, and -ido for -er and -ir verbs
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What do you put in subordinate clause when main clause is emotion/feeling?
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subjunctive
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What are some common verbs and expressions of emotion?
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senator - to be sorry, temer- to be afraid, es tuna lastima- is a shame
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What do you put in subordinate clause when main clause is doubt/denial
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subjunctive
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What do you put in subordinate clause when main clause is certainty or no doubt?
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indicative
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What is the acronym used to remember when to use indicative in subordinate?
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VOCES
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Which conjunctions are used for BOTH subjunctive and indicative?
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cuando, despues de que, en cuanto, hasta que, tan pronto como
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What do affirmative tu commands, or familiar commands, have as form?
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El ella form of present indicative
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What is the acronym used to remember the irregular affirmative tu commands?
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van diesel has ten weapons (ven di sal haz ten ve pon sé)
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How do you do negative tu commands?
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Drop -o of yo form of present tense, and add -es or -as
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When do you use por vs para?
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Por is through place, para is towards, por is duration, para is deadline, por is reason or motive, para is indication of for whom something is done
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What do reciprocal reflexives do?
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Express shared reciprocal action between two or more people or things, use reciprocal pronouns
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What are the conjugations of stressed possessive adjectives?
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mio, tuyo, suyo, nuestro
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How can you shorten stressed possesive adjectives?
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La camera nuestra ——> La nuestra
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What do you use relative pronouns for?
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Combine two sentences or clauses that share common element, such as noun or pronoun
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What are some relative pronouns?
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Que, quien, lo que
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How do you conjugate formal commands?
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Take opposite of end letter of regular ud or uds form. Ex. limpiar —> limpie
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What are the changes of -car -gar and -zar in formal commands?
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c—> qu g —> gu z —> c
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What are the irregular formal commands?
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den, esten, vayan, sepan, sean
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Where do indirect and direct object pronouns go in affirmative commands?
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End of verb, with two syllables, add accent mark. For negative, they go before verb
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How do you conjugate present subjunctive?
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Take yo form, drop -o, and add e or a
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What are irregular verbs in subjunctive present?
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Same as irregular yo forms, but with a or e
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What do you put in subordinate when main clause is will or influence?
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subjunctive
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What is the conjugation of imperfect tense?
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cantaba, bebia
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When do you use imperfect tense?
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Incomplete or continuing actions, kind of like reading a book
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