Sophil's Science

Front 1

golgi body

Back 1

receive materials through the endoplasmic reticulum and send them to other parts of the cell

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selectively permeable

Back 2

means that some substances can pass thruogh it while others cannot

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ribosomes

Back 3

small grainlike organelles that produce proteins

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organelles

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tiny structures that carry out specific functions within the cell

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convex lens

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a lens with this curved shape

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enzyme

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a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing

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nucleic acids

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very large organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosporus....contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life

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proteins

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large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and in some cases..sulfur

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nucleus

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a large oval structure that directs all of the cell's activities

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lipids

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fats, oils, and waxes... energy rich(more than carbohydrates)

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magnification

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the ability to make things lood larger than they are

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one of the cell membrane's main functions

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it control what substances come into and out of a cell

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microscope

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an instrument that make small objects look larger

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cytoplasm

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the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus

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what are the organelles functiond

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produce energy, build and transport materials, and store and recycle wastes

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two kinds of nucleic acids

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DNA and RNA

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what invention made it possible for people to discover and learn about cells?

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microscope

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cells

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the basic unit of structure and function in lining things

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What is needed for chemical reactions to happen within cells

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water

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DNA

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the genetic material that carries information about an arganism that is passed from parent to offspring

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mitochondria

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rod shaped organelles produce most of the energy the cell needs to carry out its functions

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RNA

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plays an important role in the production of proteins

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vacuole

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storage area that stores food, water, wastes, and other materials

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chromatin

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thin strands that contain genetic material, the instruction that direct the function of the cell

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chloroplasts

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capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell, gives plants green color

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ribosomes

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the organelles where proteins are made

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compound microscope

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a light microscope that has more than one lens

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molecule

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the smalles unit of most compounds

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what are the three methods of getting into and out of cells

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diffusion, osmosis, or active transport

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compound

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two or more elements combined chemically

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diffusion

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the process by which molecules tend to move from an area of higher concentration to an are a of lower concentration

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cell membrane

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plant cell.. located just inside the cell wall
animal cell.. forms the outside boundary that seperates the cell from its enviroment

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organice compound

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compounds that contain carbon

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atom

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the smalles unit of an element

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endoplasmice reticulum (ER)

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organelle passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another

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passive transport

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movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy

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cell theory

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1. all living things are made up of cells
2. cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
3. all cell come from other cells

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active transport

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the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy

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what is the difference betweent active and passive transport?

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active transport requires the cell to use energy and the passive transport does not

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osmosis

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diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane

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carbohydrates

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and energy- rich organic compound made of the element carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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amino acids

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smaller molecules than protein molecules...there are 20 kinds

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cell wall

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a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds a plant cell

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element

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any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

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what do animal cells and plant cells have that the bacterial cells do not have.

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a nucleus

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which kind of cell is smallest of the other cells?

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bacterial cell

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lysosomes

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contain chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones

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nucleolus

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where ribosomes are made

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what are 4 inorganic compounds a which is the exception

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water, sodium chloride, table salt
exception...carbon dioxide

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inorganic compound

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compounds that do not contain carbon

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the most important groups of organic compounds found in living things?

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carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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resolution

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the ability to clearly distinguish the individual parts of an object

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how do the lens or lenses in a light microscope magnify an object?

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by bending the light that passes through them