Soil Science

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Refers to the system of classification developed by the USDA Soil Survey

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Soil Taxonomy

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Volcanic Ash Soils

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Andisols

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Organic Soil

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Histosols

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Un ldecomposed/slightly decomposed

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Peat

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Highly decomposed (OM)

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Muck

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High shrink/swell clay

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Vertisols

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Arid climates

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Aridisol

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Colder climates

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Gelisols

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Tropics and subtropics

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Oxisols

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Baby Soil

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Entisols

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'toddler soil' soils

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Inceptisol

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Older soil

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Ultisol

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Forest Soils

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Alfisol

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Grassland soils

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Mollisols

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Acid forest soils

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Spodosol

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is a normal process of weathering that generally occurs at low rates in all soils as part of the natural soilforming processes.

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Geologic Erosion

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This type of erosion is triggered by human activities such as deforestation, slash-and-burn agriculture, intensive plowing, intensive and uncontrolled grazing and biomass burning.

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Accelerated erosion

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occurs when raindrops hit the soil surface and displace soil particles or when water flowing over the land surface moves soil particles away from the point of removal.

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Water erosion

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Raindrops may have sufficient kinetic energy when they fall on soil that the impact can produce detachment and airborne movement of small soil particles.

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Splash erosion

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the uniform removal of thin layer or “sheet” of soil from the land surface produced by heavy rainfall and surface runoff. It is considered as the most widespread and the most damaging form of soil erosion.

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Sheet erosion

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occurs when runoff water forms small channels as it concentrates down a slope. These rills can be up to 0.3 m deep.

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Rill erosion

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overtime, rills become widens and deepens and forms into gully. The running water cuts through the clayey soil and makes deep channels in it. As a result of gully erosion, the land becomes unfit for cultivation.

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Gully erosion

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process by which raindrops splash soil sediments from the soil surface into the run-off.

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Detachment/Dispersion

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the transport of suspended soil particles from upslope to downhill direction.

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Entrainment/transport

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process by which sediment settles out under the action of gravity in a new place. It usually changes the shape and form of the land.

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Deposition