Sociology Exam 4

Front 1

5 traits that Daniel Bell attributed to Post-Industrial societies

Back 1

1. An information explosion.

2. Extensive trade among nations.

3. A large surplus of goods.

4. A large service sector that most work in.

5. A wide variety and amount of goods available to the average person.

Front 2

5 functions of family

Back 2

1. Regulation of sexual behavior.

2. Replacement of members from generation through reproduction.

3. Care and protection of children, infirm, and the elderly.

4. Socialization of children.

5. Economic security provided by the family as the basic unit of economic production and consumption.

Front 3

5 functions of educational institutions

Back 3

1. Providing preparation for occupational roles.

2. Serving as a vehicle for the transmission of cultural heritage.

3. Acquainting individuals with various roles in society.

4. Preparing individuals for certain expected social roles.

5. Promoting change through involvement in scientific research.

Front 4

Bureaucratic authority is another name for...

Back 4

Rational-legal authority

Front 5

Rational-legal authority

Back 5

Based on written rules. Derived from the position an individual holds, not from the person

Front 6

Oligarchy

Back 6

A system of government in which decision-making is vested in a small group of people.

Front 7

How can you determine if someone will vote?

Back 7

The degree to which they believe they have a stake in the political process.

Front 8

Karl Marx definition of profit

Back 8

The excess value of a product that is withheld from workers.

Front 9

Sociological definition of family

Back 9

2 or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption.

Front 10

Functionalist view of incest taboo

Back 10

They believe it helps by facilitating the socialization of children and it helps to avoid role confusion

Front 11

Propinquity

Back 11

The greatest single influence of marital homogamy.

Spatial nearness

Front 12

The most highly predictable social channels in the choice of marriage partner in the US...

Back 12

Age, race, education, class, and religion

Front 13

Melvin Kohn's discovery while studying families...

Back 13

Parents socialize their children based on the norms of their work environment.

Front 14

2 components of romantic love

Back 14

1. Emotional

2. Cognitive

Front 15

What belief did the industrial revolution create?

Back 15

That formal education was essential to the well being of society.

Front 16

Credential society

Back 16

When employers use diplomas and degrees to determine who is eligible for jobs, even though the diploma or degree may be irrelevant to the actual work

Front 17

Cultural transmission of value

Back 17

The process by which schools pass a society's core values from one generation to the next

Front 18

Studying religion

Back 18

Sociologists cannot empirically study religion because religion is a matter of faith that is beyond objective evaluation.

Front 19

Profane

Back 19

Durkheim's word for common elements of everyday life

Front 20

Cult

Back 20

A new or different religion at odds with the dominant culture and religion.

Front 21

Sociological significance of early development of surplus and trade...

Back 21

They fostered social inequality

Front 22

Mainstreaming

Back 22

Children with disabilities are integrated in regular social activities

Front 23

Gatekeeping

Back 23

Determining which occupation is another function, which is supported by tracking students into particular curricula

Front 24

Polygamy

Back 24

Generic term for a man/woman having more than 1 spouse

Front 25

Polygyny

Back 25

Man with more than 1 wife

Front 26

Polyandry

Back 26

Wide with more than 1 husband

Front 27

Endogamy

Back 27

Marrying within ones own group

Front 28

Exogamy

Back 28

Marrying outside of ones own group.

Front 29

Incest taboo

Back 29

Prohibits sex and marriage among designated relatives.

Front 30

Homogamy

Back 30

Tendency of people with similar characteristics to marry one another

Front 31

Adultolecents

Back 31

18% of 25-29 year olds are living with their parents. Face issues with their parents between independent and dependent.

Front 32

Monarchy

Back 32

Government headed by a king or queen

Front 33

Traditional authority

Back 33

Based on customs. Prevalent in tribal groups where customs determine relationships.

Front 34

Charismatic authority

Back 34

Based on an individual's personal following. This type of leader works outside the established political system and may threaten established order.

Front 35

Democracy

Back 35

Government whose authority derives from the people

Front 36

Dictatorship

Back 36

Government where power is seized and held by an individual.

Front 37

Voter apathy

Back 37

Indifference/inaction to the political process

Front 38

Gender gap

Back 38

Men are more likely Republican and women democrats

Front 39

Pluralism

Back 39

The diffusion of power among many special interest groups

Front 40

Economy

Back 40

Our system for producing goods and services

Front 41

3 essential features of socialism

Back 41

1. Public ownership of the means of production

2. Central planning

3. Distribution of goods without a profit motive

Front 42

3 essential features of capitalism

Back 42

1. Private ownership of the means of production

2. Market competition

3. Pursuit of profit

Front 43

2 factors associated with higher quality of child care

Back 43

1. Fewer children per staff worker.

2. Staff training in early childhood development.

Front 44

Cohabitation

Back 44

Adults living together in a sexual relationship without being married. 12 times more common than in the 70s

Front 45

6 reasons functionalists believe religion is universal

Back 45

1. Answers questions about the ultimate meaning

2. Provides emotional comfort

3. Unites believers into a community that shares values and perspectives.

4. Provides guidelines for life

5. Provides social control and support for the government

6. Spearheads social change on occasion.