Sociology Chapter 11 Tu

Front 1

Race

Back 1

a socially constructed category composed of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important

Race is constructed from biological traits and ethnicity is constructed through cultural traits

Front 2

Ethncity

Back 2

A shared culture heritage

People define themselves as members of an ethnic category that have a distinctive identity
-Common Ancestor
-Language
Religion

Front 3

Race as a social construct

Back 3

-Variety of racial traits is the product or migration
-We think of race in biological terms, but it is a socially constructed concept (takes the view of constructionism)
-Race is a matter of social definitions and is a highly variable concept

There is more genetic variation within each category than b/w categories
From a biological point of view, knowing people's racial category allows us to predict nothing about them

Front 4

Minority

Back 4

Any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural difference that a society sets apart and subordinate. Two important characteristics:
-They have distinct identities which rest on particular physical or cultural traits
-They experience subordination in several realms of their lives
Not all minorities are disadvantaged

Front 5

Prejudice

Back 5

A rigid and unfair generalization about an entire category of people
They exaggerate the virtues and vices of categories of people; rooted in culture

Prejudice often takes the form of a stereotype-simplified descriptions applied to every person in a cateogry

Front 6

Racism

Back 6

the belief that one gender is superior or inferior to another

Front 7

Theories of Racsim

Back 7

1. Scapegoat theory- Prejudice results from frustrations among people who are themselves disadvantaged- a "safer" way to express frustration over disadvantaged.

Front 8

Culture theory

Back 8

extreme prejudice is found in some folks, but some prejudice is found in everyone. Demonstrated that fact that prejudice is embedded in culture

Front 9

Social-conflict Theory

Back 9

prejudice is a justification for privileging some and oppressing others

Front 10

Discrimination

Back 10

unequal treatment of various categories of people
Prejudice involves attitudes, discrimination involves actions

Front 11

Personal Discrimination

Back 11

The racial prejudice of discrimination expressed by individuals or small groups of people

Front 12

Institutional Racsim

Back 12

Racial prejudice or discrimination embedded in the routine functioning of societal institutions

Front 13

Cycle of prejudice and discrimination

Back 13

1. Prejudice and discrimination
2. Social disadvantage
3. Belief in minority's innate inferiority

Front 14

Stage 1:

Back 14

Prejudice and discrimination begin, often as an expression of ethnocentrism or an attempt to justify economic exploitation

Front 15

Stage 2:

Back 15

As a result of earlier prejudice and discrimination, but as evidence that the minority is innately inferior, unleashing renewed prejudice and discrimination by which the cycle repeats itself.

Front 16

Segregation

Back 16

Physical separation of categories of people

Front 17

D-jure segregation

Back 17

segregation by law or public policy

Front 18

De facto segregation

Back 18

segregation by "color-blind" institutional practices

Front 19

Pluralism

Back 19

a state in which racial and ethnic minorities distinct but have equal social standing. Not quite there yet.

Front 20

Assimilation

Back 20

process by which minorities adopt patterns of dominant category, often to enjoy similar standing. Related to white privilege

Avenue to upward social mobility
way to escape prejudice and discrimination directed against more visible foreigners

Front 21

White Privilege

Back 21

the way in which people accrue structural advantaged in society