Sociology Chap 3

Front 1

socialization

Back 1

the process by which people learn their culture. they do so by entering and disengaging from a succession of roles and becoming aware of themselves as they interact with others

Front 2

role

Back 2

the behavior (or set of behaviors) expected of a person occupying a particular position in society

Front 3

self

Back 3

consists of one's ideas and attitudes about who one is

Front 4

id

Back 4

according to Freud, the part of the self that demands immediate gratification

Front 5

superego

Back 5

according to Freud, the part of the self that acts as a repository of cultural standards

Front 6

ego

Back 6

according to Freud, a psychological mechanism that balances the conflicting needs of pleasure seeking id and the restraining superego

Front 7

unconscious

Back 7

according to Freud, the part of the self that contains repressed memories that we are not normally aware of

Front 8

looking-glass self

Back 8

refers to Cooley's description of the way our feelings about who we are depend largely on how we see ourselves evaluated by others

Front 9

I

Back 9

according to Mead, the subjective and impulsive aspect of the self that is present from birth

Front 10

me

Back 10

according to Mead, the objective component of the self that emerges as people communicate symbolically and learn to take the role of the other

Front 11

significant others

Back 11

people who play important role in the early socialization experiences of children

Front 12

generalized other

Back 12

according to Mead, a person's image of cultural standards and how they apply to him or her

Front 13

primary socialization

Back 13

refers to the process of acquiring the basic skills needed to function in society during childhood

Front 14

where does primary socialization take place

Back 14

in a family

Front 15

Radical Whigs

Back 15

They played a significant role in the development of the American Revolution, as their republican writings were widely read by the American colonists, many of whom were convinced by their reading that they should be very watchful for any threats to their liberties. Subsequently, when the colonists were indignant over taxes such as the Stamp Act, Sugar Act, and Tea Act, the acted in the Whig tradition.

Front 16

self-fulfilling prophecy

Back 16

an expectation that helps bring about the result that it predicts

Front 17

Thomas theorem

Back 17

"situations we define as real become real in their consequences

Front 18

hidden curriculum

Back 18

the instruction in what will be expected of students as conventionally "good citizens" once they leave school.

Front 19

peer group

Back 19

a group composed of people who are about the same age and of similar status.

Front 20

peer group acts

Back 20

an agent of socialization

Front 21

status

Back 21

a recognized social position that an individual can occupy

Front 22

self-socialization

Back 22

involves choosing socialization influences from the wide variety of mass media offerings

Front 23

gender roles

Back 23

the set of behaviors associated with widely shared expectations about how males and females are supposed to act

Front 24

resocialization

Back 24

occurs when powerful socializing agents deliberately cause rapid change in one's values, roles, and self-conception, sometimes against one's will

Front 25

initiation rite

Back 25

a ritual that signifies the transition of the individual from one group to another and ensures his or her loyalty to the new group

Front 26

total institutions

Back 26

settings where people are isolated from the larger society and under the strict control and constant supervision of a specialized staff

Front 27

anticipatory socialization

Back 27

involves beginning to take on the norms and behaviors of a role to which one aspires but does not yet occupy

Front 28

virtual community

Back 28

an association of people, scattered across the country, continent, or planet who communicate via computer and modem about a subject of common interest