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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intellectual factors
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The enlightenment (science, progress, the individual) - 1700s
Counter-enlightenment (too much individual = anarchy - keep institutions - focus on groups also) - end of 1700s Differentiation of social sciences in universities (history, economics, psychology, anthropology) |
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Economic
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Expansion of commerce and markets
(globalization, colonization - raw materials and a place to sell them) Industrialization |
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Social
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Urbanization
Working for factories, centralizes populations Decline of local communities |
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Political
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Rise of bureaucratic nation states (Germany)
Decline in power of church Feminism |
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Result of factors in creating Socialism
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Attempt to explain social CHAOS
As economic, social, political changes occur, there was interest in assessing it scientifically based on enlightenment thinking and, based on counter-enlightenment thinking, belief that both institutional and collective perspective (group and individual) must be considered |
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Thus, sociology became..
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the specialized form of assessing social change, drawing from earlier science disciplines (history, econ, psych, anthro)
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Auguste Comte
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Evolution of world views + societies =
theological (supernatural) → metaphysical (forces, ex: karma) → scientific/positive (natural) Coined term “sociology” 1798-1857 |
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Harriet Martineau
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developed principles and methods of empirical social research, translated Comte (1802-1876)
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Marx (BIO)
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(1818-1883)
Fiesty disposition, frustrated academic career, expelled from multiple cities, settled in London. Went from middle class to poverty**, had success as author and leader of international workers movement |
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Historical materialism
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History progresses
Change is driven by conflicts related to production (economic/material conflict) Contrasts Hegel |
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Capitalism's need created...
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democracy. Economic materialism creates IDEAS
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It is fundamental for humans...
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to make things.
There are always haves VS have nots RE: Capitalism = bourgeoisie vs preliterate |
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Communism
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Marx's final step in historical materialism
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Marx vs Hegel
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Basis of social change is conflict of material and production, NOT conflict of ideas
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What is conflict in this era, according to Marx?
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Class conflict between Bourgeoisie and Proletariat-those who own the means of production dominate the workers
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Stages of development of society
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Tribal->communal->feudal->capitalism->communism
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Alienation of labor
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Work becomes meaningless, no passion for work, monotonous
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Commodification of labor
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labor can be sold to make money, it is a commodity
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Marx's view on capitalism + the family
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Capitalism causes mothers to stay at home, men go out and work and keep economic power. Shift of relationships.
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Two effects of capitalization on cities
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Urbanization (agglomerated population), increasing wealth of owners (concentrated property in a few hands)
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Capitalism must____to survive
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globalize, movement of capitalization throughout the world
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Superstructure + material/economic base
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All social institutions (superstructure) serve the material/economic base (religion, education, etc)
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Proliterians will...
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develop class consciousness, rise up to seize control of production
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Marx/economic determinism
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Idea of the future will happen in a particular, predictable way?
Hasn't happened yet/not economic determinism |
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Surplus value
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???
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