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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sociolgy
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the systematic study human society and social interactions.
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Society
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is a large social grouping that shares the same geographical territory and is subject to the same political authority and dominnant culural expectations.
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___________ helps us look beyond our personal experiences and gain insight into or world .
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Sociology
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global interdependence
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a relationship in which the lives of all people are intertwined closely and any one nation's problem's are part of a larger global problem.
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The two ways that Sociology help us better understand ourselves are...
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It enables us 1) to see how behavior is largely shaped by the groups we belong to and society we live and 2.)it allows us to gain new insights into ourselves and to develop a greater awareness of the connection between our world and other people's.
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Commonsense interdependence
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guides ordinary conduct in everyday life.
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myth
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is a popular but false notion
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What do sociologists attempt to do?
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to discover patterns or commonalities in human behavior.
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Sociological imagination
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the abiity to see beyond ourselves and the world
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Who discovered the term sociological imagination?
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C.Wright Mills
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What does the sociological imagination help us distiquish?
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between personal troubles and social issues
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Personal troubles
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are private problems that affect the indiviual and the network of people they interact with
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Public issues
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problems that affect large numbers of people
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High Income countries
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are nations with hightly industrialized economies technologically advanced industruial, administrative, and service occupations;and mostly high levels of national and personal income.
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Middle income countries
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are nations with industrializing economics,particualry in urban areas, and moderate levels of nation and personal income.
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What is an example of a high income country?
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United States,Canada,Austrilia,New Zealand,Japan,and the countries of Western Europe.
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What type of country has a high standard or living and a lower dealth rate.
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High income countries
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What is an example of a middle imcome country?
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The nations of Eastern Europe,and many latian american countries.
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Low income countries
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are primarly agrarian nations with little industriazation and low levels of national and personal income.
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What is an example of a low income country?
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Many nations of Africa and Asi,Particialy the People's Republic of China and India.
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Race
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is a term used by many people to specify groups of people distinguished by physical characteristics
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ethnicity
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refers to the cultural heritage or idenity of a group and is based pn factors such as language or country of origin.
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Sex
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refers to the anatomical differences between females and males.
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gender
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refers to the ,eaning and beliefs,and practices associated with sex differences,referred to as femininity and masculinity.
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Global
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the ability to provide theroy and research beyond one's own country enveloping countries all over the world
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Class
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is the relative location of a person or group within the larger society,based on wealth,power,prestige,orother valued resources.
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What are the three origins of sociological thinking?
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*The enlightment
*Industrization Urbanization |
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What was the place called that was an open house to stimulate discussion and intellectual debate where women allowed
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Salon
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In France what was the enlightenment referred to as?
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Age of Reason
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Industrialization
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is the process by whichi societies are transformed from dependence on agriculture and handmade products to an emphasis on manufacturing and related industries.
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Urbanization
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is a process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cites rathers then rural areas.
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Which early sociological thinkers was french?
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Auguste Comte
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Who was Comte's Mentor
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Saint Simon
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Who coined the term sociology?
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Auguste Comte
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Who was the father of Sociology?
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Auguste Comte
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What did Comte want to originally call Sociology?
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Social Physics
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Positivism
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a belief that the world can be best understood through scientific inquiry.
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Comte's philosophy became know as what?
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Positivism
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According to Comte law of three stages.he believed that knowlege began in the ______ stage.
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Theological
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Who translated and condensed Comte's work?
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Harriet Martineau
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Who wrote Society in America?
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Harriet Martineau
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Who was the mother of sociology?
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Harriet Martineau
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What was Herbert Spencer's major contribution?
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was an evoluntionary perspective on social order and social change.
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Who coined the term survial of the fittest
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Herbert Spencer
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Social Darwinism
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the belief that those species animals best adapt to their enviroment surive and proper,whereas those that don't adapt die out.
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Social Facts
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are patterened ways of acting,thinking,and feeling that exist outside any one individual but that exert social control over each person.
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Who said that "suicide is not inherited but that it is a social factor.
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Emilie Durkheim
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Anomie
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a condition in which social control becomes ineffective as a result of the loss of shared values and of a sense of purpose in society.
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Who was the father of modern sociology?
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Emilie Durkheim
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Who believe that conflict ,especially class conflict is necessary in order to produce social change and a better society.
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Karl Marx
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Class Conflict
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is the struggle between the capitalist class and the working class.
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Verstehen
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complete understanding
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the process by which the modern world has come to be increasingly dominateeby stuctures devoted to effiency,calculabiblty, predictability, and technological control.
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rationalization
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Who wrote The philosohy of Money a famous work on consuerism?
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Georg Simmel
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What schools has the first department of Sociology?
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University of Chicago and Alanta University
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Who founded the American Sociology Association
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Lester Ward
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What is significant about Jane Addams?
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She won a nobel peace prize.
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How did Jane Addams help the underprivileged?
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She developed settlement houses.
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What was a settlement home?
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It was to help immigrants intergrate into society
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What are the four main contrabutions that W.E.B Du Bois made?
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-Founded 2nd Sociology department
-Reinterated Social Darwism -coined the term double consciousness idenity -found naacp |
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what is double consciousness mean?
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the idenity conflict of being a certain race and a nationality
ex:black and american |
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a set of logically interrelated statements that attempts to describle,explain, and (occasionally)predict social events.
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theoy
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functionalist perspective
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are based on the assumption that society is a stable,orderly system.
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According to a functionalist perspective
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a society is made of intergrated parts that fuctions together to form a society
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What is ethonomethodogly
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the study of common folks
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manifest fuctions are
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are functions that are ovious or intendented
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Lanent functions
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are functions that are not ovious
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dysfunctions
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is an undesirable consequence of any element of a society.
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Conflict perspectives
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groups in society are engaged in a continnuous power stuggle for control of scarce resources.
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Who are the four conflict theoryis?
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Simmel,Marx,Mills,and Weber.
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The Feminist Approch
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directs atention to women's experiances and the importance of gender as an element of social structure.
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Marco analysis
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examines whole societies and large scale social structures and social systems
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Micro Analysis
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foucesses on smaller groups
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Symbolic interactionist perspective
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society is the sum of the interactions of indiviuals and groups.
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Post modern perspectives
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existing therories have unsucessful in explaining social life in contemporary socieites that are characterized by postindustriaztion, consureriism and global comunication which bring into question the exsisting assumption about social life and nature of reality.
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