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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was European colonialism motivated by?
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Trade and adventure, power and profit, idealism and national patriotism.
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What did these nations also believe they had?
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"civilizing mission" toward nonwhite populations.
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What did the industrial revolution generate?
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a need for markets and manufactured goods and new sources of raw materials.
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What answered these needs?
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imperialism
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what is imperialism?from the political affairs of other countries
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the policy of establishing colonies and building empires
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What is isolationism?
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separation from the political affairs of other countries.
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who established the isolationism policy?
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George washington in his farewell address, he warned against all entangling alliances
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What did the monroe document emphasize?
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the UNited state`s desire to keep the americans separated from Europe
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What was another factor factor affecting American foreighn policy?
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the Declaration of Independence_the idea that people had the right to govern themselves.
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When did European control of parts of North America byt France and Russia end?
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in the 1860s
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what did the united states challenge?
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a french expansion effort in 1861 and bought russian territoy in1867.
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Who was Mexicos reform government under?
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Benito Juarez
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exain what Benito Juarez did.
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he made mexicos reform government stop paying its foreighn debts.
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what did French, Spanish and British troops do because of this?
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they entered the country to force payment.
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what happened after the debts were collected?
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Spain and Britain left but the french remained and quickly occupied Mexico City
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who was Napolean the third?>
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A French emperor who overthrew the Republic of mexico.
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What did Napolean do in 1864?
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He installed the Austrian prince maximillian as Mexico`s emperor.
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How did tthe united states react to mazimillian becoming Mexicos empreor?
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they protested! and senttt nearly 50,000 troops to the border of rio grande!
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what did napoleans forces doo because of this?
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they WITHDREW!
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Then, what did the little mexicanos doooo?!
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they prompltly defeated maximillians army and executed Maximillian.
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How did the United states prove its willingness?
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to back the Monroe document with force.
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WHO WAS william H. Seward?
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secretary of state that believed in maanifest destiny
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What did william h seward envisionize?
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a great empire and wanted to annex canada, hawaii and several carribean islands.
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what was sewatrds only major achievment ?
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The purcahase of alaska in 1867
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who was the undeveloped territory, twice the size of texas, held by?
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RUSSIA!
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What did the czar see in Alaska?
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very little value.
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Whatr happened in 1867 when the russiaan czar wanted to sell alaska?
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seward jumped at the chance!
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what happened within a few hours?
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Sewaard arranged a treaty in which the United states would buy Alaska for $7.2 million -less than two cents an acre.
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what happened after four months of selling the idea to congress?
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the transaction was completed/
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what was the united states like at one time?
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it had little need to look beyond its own borders for growth.
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name two facts about the old us,
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raw materials were abundadnt, and the home market was immense.
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What was the US like by the 1890s?
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the country had developed into a great industrial nation, and was able to compete with European prodicers.
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Who was James G. Blaine?
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secretary of state under Presidents Garfield and Harrison.
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what did Blaine want to do?
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To open up new markets, not by taking on colonies , but by increasing American trade through reciprocity.
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What is reciprocity?
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the mutual lowering if tariff barriers.
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What did Blaine try to do without much success?
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to include reciprocity provisions in the Mckinley tariff of 1890.
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Whaat was he then able to do?
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to chair a Pan-American Congress in washington D. C, in 1889!
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What was the goal of the Pan- American Union?
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to promote economic cooperation and trade among the Americas.
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Why was successs limited?
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because the United States intervened, often forcibly in Latin American affairs.
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When did american missionaries and trders first venture to hawaii ?
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in the earlky 1800`s
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who followed after?
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American sugar growers
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What happened by the 1890`s?
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Hawaii was closely connected to the united states thru commerence and the many Americans living there.
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Did many nationalities live in hawaii?
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yes!=]
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when were many native Hawaiin rulers controllled by the american Buissness leaders until?
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until the hawaiin Queen liliuokalani came into power in 1891
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What was she determined to do?
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return control to her own people.
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What did some American Buissness leaders do in response?
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with the help of the marines from the cruiser BOSTON, took over the government
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what didt he american minister to hawaii write the department of state?
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that hawaii was ready to annex
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How did president Cleveland feel about this?
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he disagreed
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what did he decide?
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that the use of American troops to overthrow the Hawaiin Government was a violation on "national Honesty"
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what did Cleveland do despite criticism?
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he withdrew american solidiers from Hawaii.
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What did Cleveland also try to do, but failed?
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to oust the revolutionary provisional government and put Liluokalani back on her throne.
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After the civil war how did the US appear?
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ready to take a position among the powers of the world.
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What did the US do twice?
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forced britain to Submit to arbitration.
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what is arbitration?
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The settlement of a dispute by an impartial group
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Who was charles Summer?
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head of the foreighn relations committee.
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What did Charles summer do?
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claimed that Great Britain owed the Us more than $2 billioin in damages for allowing Confederate ships to use Brittish ports during the Civil war.
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what would happen if the British would not pay?
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Senator Summer declared, the United STates should take Brittish controlled Canada.
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in 1871 what did SEcretary of State Hamilton Fish arrange for?
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arbitration
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what did the British then do?
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they did not want to risk war in Canada and feared that a hostile US might supply britains enemys with war ships.
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Then what did the us do?
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they backed down on its demand for "indirect damages"
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What did Cleveland also try to do, but failed?
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to oust the revolutionary provisional government and put Liluokalani back on her throne.
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After the civil war how did the US appear?
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ready to take a position among the powers of the world.
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What did the US do twice?
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forced britain to Submit to arbitration.
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what is arbitration?
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The settlement of a dispute by an impartial group
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Who was charles Summer?
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head of the foreighn relations committee.
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What did Charles summer do?
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claimed that Great Britain owed the Us more than $2 billioin in damages for allowing Confederate ships to use Brittish ports during the Civil war.
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what would happen if the British would not pay?
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Senator Summer declared, the United STates should take Brittish controlled Canada.
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in 1871 what did SEcretary of State Hamilton Fish arrange for?
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arbitration
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what did the British then do?
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they did not want to risk war in Canada and feared that a hostile US might supply britains enemys with war ships.
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Then what did the us do?
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they backed down on its demand for "indirect damages"
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What was the US awarded in the treaty of Washington?
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$15.5 million, which Britain paid.
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what did president cleveland request?
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The British put a long standing Venezuela-British Guinea boundary dispute to arbitration.
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what happened in JUly 1895?
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Secretary of state Richard Olney wrote the Brittish Gobvernment that there refusal to arbitrate violated the Monroe doctrine
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What did richard olney warn?
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" the United States is practically sovereign on this continent and its fiat is law upon the subjects to which it confines its interposition"
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How did Britain answer?
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that the monroe doctrine had no standing in international law and did not apply to the situation.
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What did President Cleveland do when he was aware of the possibility of war?
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he asked congress for authurization to appoint a commission to determine the boundary without consulting Britain.
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How did Americans respond?
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with excitement, but Britain thought it "monstrous and insulting"
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What happened for a few days?
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war seemed like a strong possibility
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What did the British government then do?
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they backed down
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What happened early in January 1896?
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Britains attention was diverted from venezuela by a dispute with Germany involving South Africa
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how did britain try to improve relations with the united states?
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Britain agreed to arbitration
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how did the boundary settlement turn out?
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it turned out in Britains favor and a new era of angelo american understanding emerged
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what did the Venezualen crisis call attention to?
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the fact that the United States had onlyy 3 modern battleships
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what did the crisis also do?
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popularized the writings of American Naval officer Alfred Mahan.
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What did mahan believe?
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as america developed its industry, the nation should look outward.
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What had great nations of the past done?
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Built up foreighn markets, expanded there merchant fleets, constructed navies to protect their commernce, and planted colonies.
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what did Mahan argue?
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that a modern nation needed sea power in order to become great
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what rising americcan leaders did Mahan influence?
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-SENATOR HENRY CABOT LODGE
- THEODORE ROOSEVELT |
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WHat did mahan do?
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helped to shape united states naval policy
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what is the refusal to take sides?
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neutrality
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who was John Hay?
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the secretary of state, who said, "a splendid little war"
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What is an anarchist?
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one who opppses all forms of government.
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What does partitioned mean?
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being divided into two or more territoreal units having separate political status.
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What is a sphere of influence?
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an area in China during the late 1800s where trade was controlled by foreighn power.
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what is an indemnity?
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security or protection against hurt, loss, or damage:exemption from incurred penalties or liabilities.
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what is a collary?
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in addition to; in this case Roosevelt added in addition to the Monroe Doctine.
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what is imperialism?
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the policy of establishing colonies and building empires.the act of creating an empire by dominating other nations.
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what is isolationism???
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policy or behalf that a nation should limit its alliances and involvment in international political and economic affairs. or separation from the political affairs in other countriies.
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What is reciprocity?
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the mutual lowering of tariff barrierrs; recognition by one of the two countries of the validity of privelages granted by the other.
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what is arbitration?
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the settlement of a dispute by an impartial group. hearing and resolution of a dissagreement between two parties thru an impartial third party.
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what is neutrality?
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the refusal to take sides
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What is the Maine?
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the united states battleship anchored off the cuban capital, that exploded killing 260 crew members.
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What is the Cuban capital?
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Havanna
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What became the battle cry thruout the US?
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remember the Maine!
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