Soc 356 Chapter 8

Front 1

The anthropological approach to the study of political systems and organization is global and comparative,

a. but it focuses exclusively on non-states, leaving the study of states and nation-states to political scientists.

b. and it includes nonstates as well as the states and nation-states traditionally studied by political scientists

c. although this sometimes leads to disciplinary turn wars with other disciplines such as political science and sociology

d. but it focuses on people's experiences and leaves the study of institutions of political power to other scholars

e. although this area is becoming less and less interesting to study because there are very few new nation-states.

Back 1

b. and it includes nonstates as well as the states and nation-states traditionally studied by political scientists

Front 2

Why is the term sociopolitical organization preferred over Morton Fried's term political organization in discussing the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives?

a. The term sociopolitical is more politically correct.

b. Anthropologists and political scientists have an interest in political systems and organization, but they cannot agree on the same terminology.

c. Fried's definition is much less applicable to nonstates, where it is often difficult to detect any "public policy."

d. Sociopolitical is the term that the founders of anthropology used to refer to the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives.

e. The term political refers only to contemporary Western states

Back 2

c. Fried's definition is much less applicable to nonstates, where it is often difficult to detect any "public policy."

Front 3

Which of the following statements about the Inuit song battle is true?

a. It is sometimes the occasion for a "treacherous feast"

b. It is a widespread feature of tribal society.

c. It is a ritualized means of designating hunting lands.

d. It is a means of resolving disputes so as to forestall open conflict.

e. It was used to initiate colonial strategies

Back 3

d. It is a means of resolving disputes so as to forestall open conflict.

Front 4

A band refers to a small kin-based group found among foragers. In this type of political system,

a. misbehavior was punished by a group of men who had more possessions than anyone else.

b. band leaders were leaders in name only; sometimes they gave advice or made decisions, but they had no way to enforce their will on others.

c. there is no way of settling disputes since everybody gets along among equals.

d. laws dictating proper social norms are passed on through songs from generation to generation.

e. there is no division of labor based on age and gender.

Back 4

b. band leaders were leaders in name only; sometimes they gave advice or made decisions, but they had no way to enforce their will on others.

Front 5

Which of the following factors is responsible for the recent changes in Yanomami tribal society?

a. the fact that they are being overrun by the more expansion-minded Nilotic peoples.

b. the amassing by "big men" of so much wealth that people have begun to regard them as chiefs.

c. village raiding among tribal groups.

d. sexual dimorphism

e. the encroachment by gold miners and cattle ranchers

Back 5

e. the encroachment by gold miners and cattle ranchers

Front 6

Why are pantribal sodalities and age grades described in a chapter on political systems?

a. They are organizing principles other than those based on kinship that are used to mobilize and link local groups to form alliances.

b. They are at the core of hegemonic power in nation-states.

c. They are organizing principles that stress the importance of kinship ties.

d. They illustrate the importance of knowing one's genealogy.

e. They are principles that precede the Western, modern concept of friendship.

Back 6

a. They are organizing principles other than those based on kinship that are used to mobilize and link local groups to form alliances.

Front 7

The comparison between the Basseri and the Qashaqai, two Iranian nomadic tribes, illustrates that

a. among tribal sociopolitical organizations, pastoralists are the least likely to interact with other populations in the same space and time.

b. as regulatory problems increase, political hierarchies become more complex.

c. as regulatory problems decrease, political hierarchies become more complex.

d. not all cultures with age grades have age sets.

e. only groups that assimilate are able to successfully resolve political feuds.

Back 7

b. as regulatory problems increase, political hierarchies become more complex.

Front 8

In foraging and tribal societies, what is the basis for the amount of respect or status attached to an individual?

a. personal attributes, such as wisdom, leadership skills, and generosity

b. prestige inherited from your parents

c. the number of possessions on owns and the ability to convert them into cash.

d. the amount of territory a person owns.

e. rank ascribed at birth, wives, and children.

Back 8

a. personal attributes, such as wisdom, leadership skills, and generosity

Front 9

In what kind of society does differential access to strategic resources based on social stratification occur?

a. chiefdoms

b. bands

c. states

d. clans

e. tribes

Back 9

c. states

Front 10

Antonio Gramsci developed the concept of hegemony to describe

a. a stratified social order in which subordinates comply with domination by internalizing their rulers' values and accepting the "naturalness" of domination

b. overt sociopolitical strategies.

c. social controls that indulge guilt and shame in the population

d. the critique of power by the oppressed that goes on offstage - in private - where powerholders can't see it.

e. the open, public interactions between dominators and oppressed - the outer shell of power relations

Back 10

a. a stratified social order in which subordinates comply with domination by internalizing their rulers' values and accepting the "naturalness" of domination

Front 11

_____ refers to a group uniting all men or women born during a certain span of time.

Back 11

Age set

Front 12

Among the different types of sociopolitical systems, _____ lack socioeconomic stratification and stratum endogamy although they do exhibit inequality and a permanent political structure.

Back 12

chiefdoms

Front 13

The influential sociologist Max Weber defined three related dimensions of social stratification. They are _____, _____, and _____.

Back 13

Wealth, power, prestige

Front 14

_____ is esteem, respect, or approval for culturally valued acts or qualities.

Back 14

Prestige

Front 15

Broader than political control, the concept of _____ refers to those fields of the social system (beliefs, practices, and institutions) that are most actively involved in the maintenance of any norms and the regulation of conflict.

Back 15

social controls