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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reliability |
Consistency in measurement |
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Validity |
Precision in measuring exactly what one intends to measure |
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Unobtrusive Measures |
Any Measure that that can be taken w/out the subject knowing. No direct interaction w/ subjects being studied. The use of non reactive sources, independent of the presence of the researcher, and include documentary evidence, physical, archival analysis. Defined by techniques of erosion and accretion. |
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Natural erosion Measures |
Measure natural change or wear of some object/entity over time with a known starting point and end point. EX. Road damage |
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Controlled Erosion |
Measure change of wear of some erosion instrument intentionally implemented to track change. |
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Migrant Specific Capital |
Learning crossing behavior (where, when, how). The more capital migrants gain about crossing, the more successful they'll be at it. |
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Migrant Specific Habitus |
Generation of experience crossing the border. Pre disposes working class border crossers to tolerate abnormal levels of misery and death during this process. |
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Wear patterns |
Modifications made to objects resulting from their use in tasks or activities for which they were intentionally designed. It's not just about how shoes wear out, but the resources people had and choice they make based on those resources. |
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Natural Accretion |
Things that people leave behind. EX. Graffiti, obituaries, memorial, studying human trash, cigarette butts on the floor. |
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Ethics in fieldwork and research |
- use places that are legally public - post warnings - ask for permission post facto -infromed consent - make sure participants know what reseearch is about |
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Strengths and advantages of Erosion and Accretion |
-Free of reactive bias -Inconspicuous and anonymous - Rarely underestimates findings -Can study characteristics of a populations thats no longer available for study |
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Weaknesses and disadvantages of erosion and accretion |
- some behaviors dont leave lasting traces (erosion, painted over, etc) -Uncertainty of others who have come between researcher and subjects (data may have been manipulated before you found it) |
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Field Research |
Observing social activities as an outsider |
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Ethnography defined in class and why you should do it |
Observing while PARTICIPATING in the activities and conducting interviews.Should be done because participant observation is the best empirical research b/c allows for the researcher to have first hand observations |
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Sociology data collection |
systematic, grounded in theory |
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journalist work is aimed at |
wide audience |
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Fieldwork and what it costs |
1. select a setting 2. entree (access that YOU have) 3. gaining access Costs TIME, money, stress |
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Key informants |
Keepers of inside knowlege. what you hope gatekeepers become. |
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triangulation |
Direct observation, participation, interviewing, casual conversation |
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What should you look for in participant observation? |
Interactions, setting, behaviors, language, nonverbal |
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Options for data collection |
Complete observation (open) -recording as much as you possibly can |
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Covert participation |
being the fly on the wall. will people know? is it ethical? necessary? |
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You can record events or impression with |
video, audio,, notes |
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Fieldnotes |
Cumulative. Written accounts or representations of what has been observe. Thickly desriptive, data of the study. |
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How long does participant observation take? |
1 year for sensitive topics. Few weeks for non sensitive, simple setting |
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Advantages of participant observation |
-direct info - natural setting - permits researcher to enter and understand social context - unanticipated outcomes or occurences |
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Disadvantages of participant observation |
-expensive/ time consuming -investigator has little control - selective perception -impact behavior -qualifications? |
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Public character` |
anyone who is in frequent contact w a wide circle of people and is sufficiently interested in being a public character |
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Jane Jacobs said |
Sidewalk is patterned in a particular way because of public character. Their actions have the effect of making the street safer, stabler, more predictable. Occurs because PC ha s"eyes upon the street" |
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White men study |
men of other races |
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women study |
white corporate men |
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common incoporation roles for women |
mascots. |
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common incorporation roles for men |
apprentices. |
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field dangers |
-being close to violence - being closer to illegal activity - danger by association |
