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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Layers of the eidermis
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stratums corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosm basalis
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Autoantibodies to epithelial cell junction proteins
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desmosomes- pemphigus
Hemidesmosome (on BM)- bullous pemphigoid |
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Patient recieves a blow from lateral side, results in this unhappy triad...
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What is the MCL, ACL and lateral meniscus
Note anterior and posterior refers to location of tibial attachment |
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Bones of the wrist
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Some lovers try positions they can't handle
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform, trapezoid, capitate, hamate |
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Nerve that gets compressed in armpitty w/ improprer crutch use
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radial after it bracnhes off the posterior cord
Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer Roots trunks, divisions, chords, branches |
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Damage to...
1. axillary nerve 2. radial nerve 3. musculocutaneous nerve |
1. fractured humeral neck or IM infgection, deltoid
2. fracutre of midshaft humerus or improper crutch use, lose extensors 3. upper trunk compression, lose flexors of arm |
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Thoracic outlet syndrome
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cervical rib compresses subclavian artery and inferior trunk affects C8, T1, causes trophy of thena and hypothenar eminance, disareance of radial pulse upon moving head to same side, sensory defect on medial side, calw hand
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Steps of skeletal musle contraction
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1. action potential opens voltage gated Ca channels leading to NT release
2. postynaptic ligand binding leads to muscle depolarization, travels along T-tubule 3. depolarizaiton of voltage sensitive DHP receptors couple to ryanodine recetro on SR induces change causing rlease of Ca from SR 4. released calcium binds torpnin moving rtropomyosin out of groove on actin filaments 5. releases bound AD and is displaced causing power stroke, A band doesn;t change, H,I and Z shrink |
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Smooth muscle contraction
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AP causes SMC membrane depolarizaiton, opens voltage cgated calcium channels, calcium binds to calmodulin, actvates myosin light-chain kinase, phosphorylates myosin to form cross-bridge and contract, myosic light chain phoshpaytase dephosphorlates leading to relaxation
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Paget's disease
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increased osteoblast/clast activity, possibly post-viral
elevated alk phos, mosaic bone pattern, more prone to fracturesm can cause osteogenic sarcoma |
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McCunbe-Albriugt syndrome
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polyostotic fibrous disypalsia with multiple uniulateral bone lesions associated with endocrine probs and cafe-au-lait sots
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Benign tumors of bone
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giant cell tumor- locally aggressive, most ogften around distal femur, proximal tibia, double bublle on x-ray
Osteochondroma- most common benign tumor, young males, mature bone with cartilaginous ca |
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Malignant tumors of bone with buzzwords
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osteosarcoma- Codman's triange (sunburst) pattern, poor prognosis, young males, seen with Paget;s retinoblastoma
Ewin's sarcoma- boys under 15, onion skinning, mets early, anaplastic smal blue cell tumor Chondrosarcoma- adult males, malignant cartilaginous tumor, glistening mass within medullary cavity |
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RA classic presentation
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morning stiffness over 30 mins, improves with use, symmetric, systemic symtpoms
RF- anti-IgG antibody, HLA-DR4, pannus formation PIP and MCP joints |
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Pseudohout caused by...
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calcium pyrophoshate crstals, perpendicular yellow, parrallel blue to light, opposite of uric acid, tx is NSAIDs
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Reactive arthtritis
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Conjuctivitis, urethritis, arthritis, most likely chlamydia infection HLAB-27
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Gonococcal urethritis
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monoarticular, migratory arthritis, asymmetrical pattern, affected joint is swolen red and painful, staph, strep and neiseria
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Antibodies in SLE
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False psitve RPR/VDRL d/t antiphospholipid antibodies
ANA- screening Antismith and dsDNA- specific Histone- drug induced |
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sarcoidosis
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immune nmediated noncaseating granulomas, associated with restrictive lung disease, Schamanna and steroid bodies, hypercalcemia, tx is steroids
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Lambert-Eaton syndrome
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autoantibodies to presynaptic Calcium channels, decreased ACh release leading to proximal muscle weakenss
paraneoplastic improves with muscle use |
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poylmyositis/dermatomysotis
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progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness, CD8 T-cell induced, positive ANA, anti-Jo-1
dermatomyositis also includes skin lesions (heliotre, increased risk of malignancy) |
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Scleroderma vs. CREST
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Scleroderma is widespread- face Scl-70
CREST- just CREST, anti-centromere antibody |
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SJS- fever, bula, sloughing of skin, high mortality, usually d.
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- fever, bula, sloughing of skin, high mortality, usually d/t drug reaction
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Prurotoc papules and vsicles associated with celiac disease... pathophys?
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IgA depositis at dermal papilla seen with dermatitis herpetiformus
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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sun exposure, hands and face, uilcerative red lesion, see keratin pearls, actinic keratosis precursor to CA
keratocanthoma- regresses spntaneously |
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Basal cell CA
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sun-exposer areas, rarely mets, rolled edges with central ulceration,pearly papules
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Melanoma
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risk of mets, asmmetry, border irrgularity, color changes, diameer > 6 mm
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TNF-alpha inhibitors
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Etanercept- recombinant form of human TNF receptor binds TNA, used for RA, psoriasis, ankylsoing
Anti-TNF antibodies- inflixmab (Crohn's. RA, ankylosing), adalimumab (ankylsoing, RA, psoriasis) |
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Drugs used for gout
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Acute- colchicine (stabilizes tubulin, inhibits polymeization, impairs leukocyte chemotaxis), naproxen (NSAID)
Probebacid- inhibits renal absortion Allopurinal and febuxostat- inhibit xanthine oxidase conversion of xanthine to uric acid |
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Bisphoshantes
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used form osteoperosis, Paget's, osteogeniesis imperfecta
inhbit osteoclastic activty dronates |
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Molluscum contagiosum
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poxvirus, umbilicated lesions with viral particles, central depression filled with keratin, STD, remits spontaneously in healthy patients
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Robeola vs.... Rubella
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Robeola- RNA paramyxovirus measles, prodrome of fever, cough runny nose, conjuntivitis, Kolik spts followed by maculopapular rash
Rubella- maculopapular rash lasts a fe3 dats do not become confluent |
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Erythema infectiosum (5th disease)
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parvovirus B19, rash begins on cheeks, extends to trunk and proximal extremities, poylarthritis in adults
vs. 6th disease, high fever followed by rasj |
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Complication of staph aureus skin infection
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toxic shock syndrome d/t superantigen that stimulates cytokine release, fever, hypotension, desquamting sunbrun like rash
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Causative organisms of tinea captisi
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trichophyton tonsurans- inner hair shaft, - Wood;s lamp
Microsorum- expsure to dogs, infect outer hair shaft, psotive Wood's lamp |
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Tinea versicolor
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causedby malasezzia furufr, spagetto amd ,metatballs, short hyphae with long yeasts on KOH
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Cutaneous larva migrans
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dog and cat hookworm ancylcostoma, larvae assed in the feces, enetrate the skin in people causing sperpingeous tunesls in skin with pruriris tx is ivermectin
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Fine net-like white lesion in oral mucosa, , pruritic scalyt violaceous, flat topped papules, reticular pattern
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Lichen Planus tx is roids, antihistamines
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Psoriasis
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koberneziaiton, well demargated flat elevated salmon collored plaques
upregulation of keratinocytes treatment is steroids elongation rete pegs, hyperkeratosis |
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pitrysias roseas
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single large oval scaly rose colored plaque (herald pathch), later a papular eruption on trunk, remits spontanoeusly, antihistamines for pruritis
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Causes of massive hair loss
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post partum most common, OCPs, stress, radiation and chemo
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Nail disorders
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nail pitting in posriasis
iron defict- koilonconia (spooning) Infective endocardiatis- splineter hemorrhgaes Mess's lines- arsenic oisonin and systemic illess, tranverse white lines on nale Beau's lines- transverse grooves, infections, nutrition probs, hypothyroidism |
