Skeletal & Muscular System

Front 1

Axial Skeleton

Back 1

consists of skull, ribs, sternum, and head (the core skeleton)

Front 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Back 2

*supports the limbs* contains "appendages"

Front 3

Bones of skull

Back 3

22 total. contains 8 cranial bones and 14 facial

Front 4

Cranium

Back 4

closes and protects the brain, it has sinus cavities and spaces

Front 5

Sinuses

Back 5

air filled cavity lined with mucus membrane, connected to the nasal cavity passage ways, helps reduce the weight of the skull and amplify sound

Front 6

Frontal Bone

Back 6

forms forehead and upper part of the bony structure surrounding the eyes

Front 7

parietal bones

Back 7

2 bones form the upper sides of head, and roof of the cranial cavity (top)

Front 8

Temporal Bones

Back 8

2 bones are on sides of the head close to the ears (contains the external auditory meatus, the zygomatic process, styloid process, and mastoid process)

Front 9

External Auditory Meatus

Back 9

an opening for the ear in the temporal bone

Front 10

Zygomatic Process

Back 10

forms part of the cheekbone *not bones themselves*

Front 11

Styloid Process

Back 11

a sharp projection used as a point of attachment for several muscles associated with the tongue and larynx

Front 12

Occipital Bone

Back 12

located at the back and base of the cranium. Contains the foramen magnum

Front 13

Foramen Magnum

Back 13

large hole in occipital bone allows the brainstem to extend downward into the spinal cord

Front 14

Sphenoid Bone

Back 14

butterfly shaped bone that forms part of the floor and sides of the cranium. Also forms part of the orbits surrounding the eyes

Front 15

Ethmoid Bone

Back 15

an irregularly shaped bone located between the eye orbits; major supporting bony structure of the nasal cavity

Front 16

Mandible

Back 16

lower jaw bone, only freely movable joint in skull

Front 17

Maxilla

Back 17

two maxillary bones fuse to form the upper jaw

Front 18

Palatine Bones

Back 18

2* form the posterior part of the hard palate and the floor of the nasal cavity

Front 19

Zygomatic Bones

Back 19

Cheekbones, also form part of the eye orbits

Front 20

Paranasal Sinuses

Back 20

the four sinuses surround and connect with the nasal structures

Front 21

Coronal Suture

Back 21

between frontal and parietal

Front 22

Lambodial Suture

Back 22

between occipital and parietal

Front 23

Squamosal Suture

Back 23

between temporal and parietal

Front 24

Fontanels

Back 24

babys soft spots, areas not yet converted to bone

Front 25

Hyoid Bone

Back 25

U-shaped bone located in the neck, point of attachment for the tongue, and is only bone that does not articulate with another bone

Front 26

Vertebral Column

Back 26

aka backbone, extends from skull to pelvis and consists of 26 vertebrae

Front 27

Vertebrae

Back 27

individual bone in spine, a single one is called a disc

Front 28

Intervertebral Discs

Back 28

seperates the vertebrae made of fibrocartilage

Front 29

Cervical Vertebrae *Convex Curve*

Back 29

top vertebrae, consists of 7, c1 through c7

Front 30

Thoracic Vertebrae

Back 30

*concave curve* the next 12 T1 through T12, concave means go out

Front 31

Lumbar Vertebrae

Back 31

*convex curve* L1 through L5

Front 32

Sacrum

Back 32

5 vertebrae fused together

Front 33

Coccyx

Back 33

Tailbone, 4 small vertebrae fused together

Front 34

C1

Back 34

Atlas

Front 35

C2

Back 35

Axis

Front 36

Scoliosis

Back 36

abnormal curve side to side

Front 37

Kyphosis

Back 37

increase to the roundness of the thoracic curvature, hunchback

Front 38

Lordosis

Back 38

exaggerated lumbar curvature, pregnancy, that can interfere with breathing and swallowing

Front 39

Thoracic Cage

Back 39

Formed by the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae, 12 pair of ribs and the costal cartilage
Designed to protect vital organs like the lungs and heart

Front 40

True Ribs

Back 40

first 7 pair attach to the sternum and thoracic vertebrae

Front 41

False Ribs

Back 41

8th,9th, & 10th pair that attach to the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly and to the sternum by costal cartilage and comes together to form one

Front 42

Floating Ribs

Back 42

Last 2 ribs, don't attach anteriorly

Front 43

Atlas

Back 43

first cervical vertebrae, supports skull and allows nodding motion

Front 44

Axis

Back 44

second cervical vertebrae, acts as a pivot for atlas and allows head to rotate

Front 45

Sternum

Back 45

breastbone

Front 46

Shoulder Girdle

Back 46

point of attachment for muscles, contains two bones: 1 clavicle and 1 scapula

Front 47

Clavicle

Back 47

collarbone

Front 48

Scapula

Back 48

shoulder blade

Front 49

Flexion

Back 49

the bonding of the joint that decrease the angle between bones

Front 50

Extension

Back 50

straightening of the joint so the angle increases

Front 51

Dorsiflexion

Back 51

Bending of the foot towards the leg

Front 52

Plantar Flexion

Back 52

bending the foot downward

Front 53

Hyperextension

Back 53

over extending the joint

Front 54

Abduction

Back 54

movement away from the midline

Front 55

Adduction

Back 55

movement towards the midline

Front 56

Rotation circumduction

Back 56

round motion, like making a circle with the arm

Front 57

Pronation

Back 57

Down

Front 58

Supination

Back 58

Up

Front 59

Ball and Socket Joint

Back 59

a ball that fits into a concave socket of another bone (ex. Hips, Shoulders)

Front 60

Hinge

Back 60

works like a door hinge (ex. knee, elbow, fingers)

Front 61

Pivot Joint

Back 61

allows for rotation only, small projection of a bone pivots in an arc or ring of another bone

Front 62

Saddle Joint

Back 62

variety of movement (thumb is only joint capable)

Front 63

Gliding Joint

Back 63

bones of the joint are flat or slightly curved, allows for twisting movements (ankle, wrists)

Front 64

Condyloid Joint

Back 64

oval shaped condile of 1 bone fits into the cavity of another bone, allows for a variety of movement except rotation (knuckles)

Front 65

Arthritis

Back 65

inflammation of the joint

Front 66

Dislocation (luxation)

Back 66

displacement of a bone from its joint

Front 67

Osteomyelitis

Back 67

inflammation or infection of bone

Front 68

Osteoporosis

Back 68

loss of bone mass

Front 69

Sprain

Back 69

injury to a joint caused by twisting of the joint

Front 70

Strain

Back 70

injury to the joint, muscle, or tendon caused by over use

Front 71

Closed Fracture

Back 71

simple fracture, skin is not broken

Front 72

Open Fracture

Back 72

a break that protrudes outside the skin

Front 73

Greenstick

Back 73

occurs more in children, incomplete fracture bone fractured but not all the way through

Front 74

R.I.C.E.

Back 74

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

Front 75

Functions of the Skeletal System

Back 75

1. Framework that supports body
2. Protects organs
3. Storage site for calcium
4. Base for movement along with muscle
5. Produces blood cells

Front 76

Bone Tissue

Back 76

type of connective tissue 2 kinds compact and spongey

Front 77

Bone Matrix

Back 77

combination of calcium and collagen for strength and support

Front 78

Osteocyte

Back 78

mature bone cell, regulates calcium levels within bone matrix

Front 79

Haversian Systems

Back 79

interlocking layers, gives bones some give, it contains osteocytes

Front 80

Central Haverian Canal

Back 80

where blood vessels nourish bone tissue and nerves pass through

Front 81

Transverse Communicating Canals

Back 81

carry blood vessels

Front 82

Radius

Back 82

one of two bones of the forearm thumb side

Front 83

Ulna

Back 83

second bone of the forearm, located on little finger side

Front 84

Pelvic Girdle

Back 84

composed of two coxal bones that articulate with each other anteriorly and with sacrum posteriorly

Front 85

Spongy Bone

Back 85

porous, is less dense to reduce weight, within the spaces of this is red bone marrow

Front 86

Diaphysis

Back 86

Long part of the bone

Front 87

Epiphysis

Back 87

ends of the long bones

Front 88

Epiphyseal Disc

Back 88

Line in adults, growth plate in children

Front 89

Metaphysis

Back 89

the correct term for growth plate

Front 90

Articular Cartilage

Back 90

AKA Hyaline Cartilage: covers ends of long bones, there to make smooth surface for bones to meet

Front 91

Periosteum

Back 91

tough vascular membrane, its continuous with tendons & ligaments, aides in growth & repair of bone tissue, helps nourish & protect current tissue

Front 92

Bony Process

Back 92

a site of attachment for tendons and ligaments

Front 93

Yellow Bone Marrow

Back 93

fatty connective tissue, inactive form of bone marrow found in medullar cavity and spongy bone

Front 94

Red Bone Marrow

Back 94

red because of presence of hemoglobin, responsible for production of blood cells, found in the spongy bone (Red & White blood cells)

Front 95

Ossification

Back 95

the process of bone formation, and when bones are broken down, there is an increase in calcium in blood stream

Front 96

Hemopoiesis

Back 96

building of blood cells

Front 97

Parathyroid Hormone

Back 97

increase calcium levels in the blood

Front 98

Estrogen

Back 98

promotes stoppage of bone growth and closes growth plate

Front 99

Testosterone

Back 99

keeps calcium in the bone to keep strong

Front 100

Sutures

Back 100

moveable and immoveable joints in head