Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
mediastium basics
|
covered by mediastinal pleura on each side
contains thoracic viscera and structures except the lungs borders= superior thoracic aperture, diaphragm, sternum/costal cart., thoracic vert bodies. flexible-hollow w/ loose connective tissue |
|
|
superior mediastinum
|
sup to transverse thor plan-passes sternal angle and IV disk of T4,T5
CONTAINS: 1 thymus gland 2 superior vena cava 3 brachiocephalic veins 4 arch of aorta and roots of its branches 5 trachea 6 esophagus 7 vagus and phrenic N's |
|
|
ant mediastium
|
smallest, b/w f/b: body of sternum and pericardium. T/B: sup medias. and diaphragm
CONTAINS: 1 lymph nodes 2 branches of internal thoracic art. 3 inf part of Thymus gland(in kids and rare cases) |
|
|
middle medias.
|
Contains:
1 heart and roots of great vessels 2 cardiac plexus 3 phrenic nerve |
|
|
post. medias.
|
sourounded by: ant side of T5-T12, pericardium, diaphragm, parietal pleura of each lung
CONTAINS: 1 thoracic aorta 2 thoracic duct 3 esophagus 4 esophageal plexus 5 lower end of trachea 6 azygous and hemiazygous veins 7 lymph nodes 8 thoracic sympathetic trunks 9 thoracic splanchnic nervs |
|
|
thoracic aorta- in post medias.
|
ORIG: from arch of the aorta, begins on left side of inf border of T4 body.
COURSE: descends on anterio-left side of T5-T12. As it descends it approaches the medial plane and desplaces the esophagus to the right. END: enters abdomen through the aortic hiatus in diaphragm |
|
|
esophagus-in post. mediast
|
-descends in passing post and right of arch of the aorta, and post to pericardium and left atria
-then deviates left and passes through esophagial hiatus in diaphragm at level of T10, ant to aorta *constitutes primary posterior relationship of base of heart. *compressed in thorac part by:1)aortic arch 2)left main bronchus 3)diaphragm |
|
|
Thoracic duct-in post medias.
|
largest lymph channel in body
ORIG: (from chyle cistern) ascends into thorax through aortic hiatus b/w: thoracic aorta, azygous vein, esophagus, vert bodies COURSE: ascends b/w thoracic aorta(L), azygos(R), esophagus(A), vert bodies(P) *at T4,T5,orT6-crosses to left (post to esophagus) |
|
|
Thoracic Aorta (branches from sup to inf) See table 1.6 (p.145)
|
BRONCHIAL-1 right and 2 small left, supply:trachea, bronchi, lung tissue, lymph nodes
ESOPHAGEAL-2branches supply middle 1/3 of esophagus POSTERIOR INTERCOSTAL-9 pairs to 3rd-11th intercostal spaces SUBCOSTAL-1 pair that enters abdomen, end of series of post. interco. arts. SUPERIOR PHRENIC-pass to post surf of diaphragm and anastomose w/ musculophrenic and pericariophenic branches of internal thoracic art. |
|
|
azygos system P. 155
basics and comm w/ other veins |
-drain back and thoracoabdominal walls and mediastinal viscera(much variation)
-Azygos vein arches over sup aspect of rt. main stem bronchus to join SVC COMM: Posterior intercostals Vs.-dump into azy v. from dorsal wall Bronchial V.-into azy V.,sometimes lefts enter accessory hemiazy V. Esophageal V.-into Azy V. Ascending Lumbar Vs.-forms jxn at which hemiazy Vs. start Renal Vs.-??? |
|
|
Azygos Vein
|
-forms collateral pathway b/w IVC and SVC
-dranis post walls of thorax and abdomen -ASCENDS-just right of bodies T12-T5 COMM W/: post intercos. Vs, vertebral venous plexus(drain back, vert, structures of vert canal), mediastinal, esophageal, bronchial Vs |
|
|
hemiazygous V
|
ascends on left side, post to thoracic aorta to T9 where it crosses to rt. (post to thor aorta,thor duct, and esophagus) and joins azy V.
RECIEVES-inferior 3 posterior intercos. Vs., inf. esophageal Vs. several small mediastnal Vs. |
|
|
Accessory Hemizygous V
|
DESCENDS on Left side from 4th or 5th intercos space, crosses to rt at T7orT8 to enter azy V (sometimes the hemiazy)
RECIEVES- Vs from 4th-8th intercos spaces |
|
|
alt route to heart
|
In event of obstruction of IVC, the drainage of thoracic abdominal and back regions can be rerouted through The Azygos system
?-out the blocked SVC or IVC through intercostal, azygos system, to func SVC or IVC |
|
|
alt. arterial route in thorax
|
if Descending aorta is blocked: Collatera Arterial Circulation is established. Blood flows: down in internal thoracic artery, ant,sup,and post intercos arts. all participate, Posterior intercostal arts. return blood to aorta distal to obstruction
*these vessels-greatly increased B.P. and get quite enlarged |
|
|
Thoracic duct
|
-largest lymph channel
-Ascends through thorax and (usually) empties into jxn of left internal jugular and left subclavian veins (venous left angle) -often beaded b/c of many valves -Drains lymph from all of body except upper rt. quadrant (rt lymph duct does that) -Variation common b/c sup part represents orig left member of a pair of vessels in embryo |
|
|
gray vs. white rami communicans
|
BOTH:GVE,ANS,sympathetic. conn.-sympathetic chain ganglion w/ initial part of ventral primary rami
DIFF: GRAY:post gang (exit symp chain gang), all along symp chain WHITE:pregang (enter scg) ONLY T1-T12 |
|
|
splanchnic Ns
|
-sends Visceral E and A fibers to Viscera of body cavities
LOWER THORACIC SPLANCHNIC Ns:(supply viscera inf to diaphragm, presynaptic from T5-T12) -Greater splanchnic N-from 5th-9th thor symp gang, perforates crura of diaphragm or passas in aortic hiatus, ends in celiac gang -Lesser splanc N-from 10-11thor gang, pierces crura of diaphragm ends in aorticorenal gang -Least splanc N-from 12thor gang, pierces crura of diaph, ends in gang of the renal plexus |
|
|
thoracic sympathetic trunks
|
-in continuity w/ cervical and lumbar symp thunks
-lie against heads of ribs in sup part of thor, costovertbral joints in midthoracic, sides of vert bodies in inf thorax |
