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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Absolutism
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autocratic rulers had complete authority over the governmnet and the lives of hte people in their nation
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Akbar the Great
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Absolute Ruler: India
Mughal Empire 1500's Achievements: -strengthened the central government -empire larger and stronger army that any in Europe at the time -modernized army, encouraged trade, land reforms Solidified reign by recognizing India's diversity and promoting religious tolerance |
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Charles V
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Absolute Ruler: Spain
1519-1556 grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella King of Spain and Holy Romam Emperor In 1556 divided empire brother Ferdinand became Holy Roman Emperor Son Philip ruled Spain, the Netherlands, and vast Spanish overseas empires |
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Philip II
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Absolute Ruler: Spain
1556-1598 expanded his power as well as the influence of the Catholic Church and the Spanish Empire Ruled by divine right Promoted Golden Age in Spain |
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Divine Right
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the king is an agent of God, and his authority to rule comes directly from God
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Golden Age of Spain
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Philip II
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Henry IV
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Absolute Ruler: France
Date- ? increase influence of government reduce power of nobles |
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Louis XIII
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Absolute Ruler: France
appointed Cardinal Armand Richelieu as chief minister increased royal power strengthened the government and made his army the strongest in Europe |
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Cardinal Armand Richelieu
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Chief minister
appointed by Louis XIII subdued of defeated the two groups that did not agree with the royal authorities: 1. nobles 2. Protestant Huguenots |
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Louis XIV
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Absolute Ruler: France
1643-1715 ; 72 years The Sun King Achievements: -expanded the bureaucracy, appointing officials to collect taxes, recruit soldiers, and carry out his rule in the provinces. -built the Palace of Versailles outside of Paris -organized a highly discipline army, the strongest in Europe -persecuted the Protestant Huguenots, depriving the nation of many of its most hard-working and prosperous citizens Legacy: left France in debt |
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Ivan III
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Absolute Ruler: Russia
Ivan the Great 1462-1505 Built the framework for absoulte rule in Russia |
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Czar Ivan IV
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Absolute Ruler: Russia
Ivan the Terrible organized ruthless personal police force wore black robes |
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Peter the Great
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Absolute Ruler: Russia
1682-1725 -centralize royal power -reduced power of the nobility -gained control of the Russian Orthodox Church westernization: -modernize Russia -traveled West -simplified alphabet, developed mining and textiles -Capital at St. Petersburg symbolized new Russia Foreign Policiy: -largest army in Europe in late 1600's -gained ports on Baltic Sea *-DID NOT gain warm water port in Black Sea; fought Ottoman Turks (later acquired by Catherine the Great) |
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Tudor Family
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England
1485-1603 *included Henry VIII and Elizabeth I Tudors believed in divine right, but worked well with Parliament *In 1603 passed the throne to the Stuart Dynasty |
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James I
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England: Stuart Monarch
-sought to increase power through divine right -clashed with Parliament 1. needed money for wars 2. extravagant court life -dissolved Parliament, imposed own taxes *fought with Puritans who were seeking to purify the church of England by eliminating Catholic practicies |
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Thomas Hobbes
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English thinker
supported Stuart monarchies "The Leviathan", Hobbes wrote that people were by nature selfish and greedy, would fall into chaos unless ruled by a strong government that could suppress rebellion. -believed absolute monarchies were necessary |
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Charles I
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England: Stuart dynasty
inherited thorne in 1625 from James I -continued fathers absolute policies Problems: 1. put enemies in prison without trials 2. imposed very high taxes 3. angered Puritans 4. dissolved Parliament * summoned Parliament in 1640 to suppress a Scotish revellion CIVIL WAR BROKE OUT *first monarch to be executed by the people |
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English Civil War
Puritan Revolution |
Charles's supporters:
the Cavaliers Parliament's supporters: the roundheads -consisted of Puritans, country landowners, and town-based manufacturers *led by Oliver Cromwell -captured king in 1647, put on trial and beheaded Charles I |
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Oliver Cromwell
Lord Protector |
Leader of the Roundheads during the English Civil War
? (1649) - 1658 -After Charles I execution Parliament's House of Commons abolished the monarchy, the House of Lords, and the official Church of England -England became a Republic with Oliver Cromwell as the Leader -time period known as the Commonwealth -supporters of Charles II, uncrowned heir attacked Enlgand from Ireland and Scotland -uprising suppressed -at Cromwell's death many people were sick of Puritan rule |
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The Restoration
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1660 - Parliament invited Charles II, son of Charles I, to become King of England
*marked restoration of Stuart Dynasty 1685- thrown inherited by brother James II -very unpopular because of Catholicism and absolutist policies led to Glorious Revolution |
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Glorious Revolution
Bloodless Revolution |
1688- Parliament overthrew James II (fearing the return of Catholic dominance)
- Parliament asked James II's daughter Mary, and her Dutch husband, Willliam, to take the thrown- both Protestants -James II fled to France, completing the Bloodless Revolution |
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William and Mary
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Mary, daughter of James II, and Dutchman William, both Protestant, rulers of England after the Glorious Revolution
Forced to sign English Bill of Rights |
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English Bill of Rights
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-King must work regularly with Parliament
-King msut give the House of Commons complete finanical contron -abolished excessive fines and cruel or unusual punishment -affirmed habeas corpus, no person could be held in jail without first being charged with a crime\ England became Limited Monarchy |
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Limited Monarchy
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governmnet in which a legislative body limits the monarch's powers
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Toleration Act
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Toleration Act of 1689 granted Protestant desenters, such as Puritans and QUakers, limited toleration
Catholics were denied toleration |
