Second Semester His 1120

Front 1

Philosophes/ Salons

Back 1

Late 1700's: Enlightment Thinkers that gather in salons where ideas ciculate,

Front 2

Thomas Malthus

Back 2

1789: Food and sex will always be a necessity. Population grows at faster rate than food. When population outgrows food, populations must crash. (p139)

Front 3

Ancien Regime

Back 3

Pre French Revolution: Old order of absolute power and peasantry

Front 4

Tennis Court Oath

Back 4

June 20, 1789: Third Estates members locked out of Estates General signed oath to not give up until ancien regime is overtrown.

Front 5

National Assembly

Back 5

Assembly formed by members assembled at Tennis Court Oath. Creates Declaration of Rights of Man (110)

Front 6

Bastille

Back 6

On the morning of July 14, 1789, when only seven prisoners were confined in the building, a crowd advanced on the Bastille with the intention of asking the prison governor, Bernard Jordan, marquis de Launay, to release the arms and munitions stored there. Angered by Launay’s evasiveness, the people stormed and captured the place; this dramatic action came to symbolize the end of the ancien régime.

Front 7

Jacobin

Back 7

1789: French radicalists that unleashed regin of Terror

Front 8

Comittee of Public Safety/ Maxamillion Robespierre/ Reign of Terror

Back 8

1792-1794: unleashed reign of terror, led by Robespeire

Front 9

Directory

Back 9

1795-1799: Executive Branch, 3 members, including Napolean, Overthrown by Napolean in 1799

Front 10

Napolean Bonaparte

Back 10

Overthrew Directory in 1799, although a dictator he supported equality, religious tolerance, secular education, and class mobility. He spread France into German lands. Forced to abdicate in 1814.

Front 11

Treaty of Amiens

Back 11

1801: end of revolutionary wars in France. Start of France's planning to invade England.

Front 12

Battle of Trafalgar

Back 12

1805: Napoleon wants to send army on transport ships to invade England but he has to fight Navy. British hunt out and meet French and British annihilate French.

Front 13

Continental System

Back 13

1806: France and its allies would not buyt Brittish goods. Russia would not participate and France invaded Russia in 1812. Russians use torch warfare, but get stuck in the winter. Causes Napolean to abdicate.

Front 14

Blockade

Back 14

1807: British response to France's continental system. It blocks France's trade ports, (see diagram in notes)

Front 15

Congress of Vienna/ Metternich/ Castlereah

Back 15

1815: End of Napolean rule and world leaders decided fate of France. Conservatives Castleregh from England and Metternich from Austria pushed for France to return to Absolutism. REstores King Lois XVIII (1815-1824). Successor Charles X (1824-1830) restores power to nobility and church.

Front 16

Concordat

Back 16

1801: French law that established toleration of religion under Napolean rule. Advanced Revolutionary Ideas.

Front 17

Civil Code:

Back 17

1804: law that established that all men are created equal.

Front 18

Spinning Jenny

Back 18

It was invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves in Stanhill, Oswaldtwistle, Lancashire in England. The device reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn, with a worker able to work eight or more spools at once.

Front 19

Thomas New Comen

Back 19

1712: Invents steam engine, inefficient and restricted to pumping out coal from mimes

Front 20

James Wall

Back 20

1769: Reforms idea of steam enginge, uses engine to spin wheel in cotton factory.

Front 21

Edward Bainess

Back 21

1835: England is advantageous because laissezz- faire; water power fuel, iron makes revolution (p 133).

Front 22

Corn Laws

Back 22

1815: additional corn laws established in brittain, puts high tarriffs on corn (wheat) which forces people to buy corn from landowners (aristocracy)

Front 23

Six acts

Back 23

1818: outlaws freedom of assembly, reestablishment of Ancien Regime in Europe

Front 24

Holy alliance

Back 24

Alliance by most European powers pledging to come to the aid of any country that revolts

Front 25

Samuel Smiles

Back 25

1859: A liberal, Wrote "Self Help" and "Thrift." says, "whatever is done for man...takes away the stimulus and necessity of doing for themselves" (p150).

Front 26

Josiah Wedgewood

Back 26

Lived 1730-95: Samuel Smiles argues (1859) if Josiah Wedgewood was helped out because of his crippled leg, he never would have had the stimulus to be successful and start Wedgewood Pottery and become a millionaire.

Front 27

Sadler Commission

Back 27

1832: reveals atrocities of child labor

Front 28

David Ricardo

Back 28

Early 1800's: The morecompanies produce the more population increases. However, then there are too many workers and they get laid off. Then population decreases. Workers caught in "boom and bust" cycles.

Front 29

William Wadsworth

Back 29

1798: English poet responds to enlightment with Romantism thought, Reason cant explain man because man are beings of nature (p159).

Front 30

Karl Marx

Back 30

1848: Government should get rid of private property, family, religion, "nation state," these ideas reinforce that its ok to be a proletariat.

Front 31

Louis Napolean/ Napolean II

Back 31

1848: He becomes President of France's Second Republic. Declares himself emperor in 1852 with backing of French.

Front 32

Crimean War

Back 32

1854-1856: Russia takes Crimea, Europe comes in to help Crimea and stops Russia from conquering further south.

Front 33

Count Cavor

Back 33

1850's: Piedmontese statesman, a conservative whose exploitation of international rivalries and of revolutionary movements brought about the unification of Italy (1861) under the House of Savoy, with himself as the first prime minister of the new kingdom.

Front 34

Victor Emanuel II

Back 34

1861: Became king of a unified Italy after being king of Peidmont, effects of nationalism

Front 35

Otto Von Bismark

Back 35

1860's: Prime Minister of Prussia that pused for unified Germany

Front 36

AUstro-Prussian War

Back 36

1866: War between Prussia on the one side and Austria, Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, and certain minor German states on the other. FOught for superior power in Germany. It ended in a Prussian victory, which meant the exclusion of Austria from Germany.

Front 37

Franco Prussian War

Back 37

1970: France is worried b/c growth of Prussian power at defeat of Austira. Napolean III declares war on Prussia only to lose easily. Germany declares united Germany in 1871.

Front 38

William I

Back 38

1860's-70's: King of Prussia, and later German Emperor/Kaiser

Front 39

Opium War

Back 39

1839-1842: England trades opium with China and gets richer. Chinese Emperor's son dies and Emperor halts trade. Britain goes to war with China and wins.

Front 40

Battle of Omdurman

Back 40

1898: Britain vs Sudanese, 11,000 sudanesse killed, 28 Britts killed. Britts had superior weaponry.

Front 41

Quinine

Back 41

Early to mid 1800's: widespread use of this malaria treatment, helped Europeans conquer Africa.

Front 42

Wilhelm II

Back 42

Ruled 1888-1918: He disregards Bismarks advice and builds Navy heigtening arms race, Pours money into Navy. He is sort of a jerk.

Front 43

Triple Alliance

Back 43

1882-1914: Germany tries to isolate France from attacking Germany again and crates allieance with Russia and Austro-Hungary, and later Italy. After Germany bullies Russia, Russia joins Triple Entente with Britain and France.

Front 44

Triple Entente

Back 44

1907-1914: Alliance between France, Britain, Russia

Front 45

Charles Darwin

Back 45

1871: wrote Descent of Man, humans are not special from animals, beginnings of atheism. Contributed to decadence of Society.

Front 46

Sigmund Freud

Back 46

Late 1800's to Earlyl 1900's: Id, ego, etc., man loses control of will power. Contributed to decadence of society.

Front 47

Emmeline Pankhurst

Back 47

Leads suffrage in Britain. Believe women should gain civil rights through violence.

Front 48

Dreyfus Affair

Back 48

1894: Captain Alfred Dreyfus was convicted of giving secrets to Germans and exiled. Later he was found innocent and framed because he was Jewish. Contributed to decadence of Society.

Front 49

Franz Ferdinand

Back 49

June 28, 1914: is assasinated by Blackhand, group of ethnic serbs in Sarejevo, Serbia. Bosnia wanted to become part of Serbia. TO prevent this Austria declared war on Serbia. Germany came to the backing of Austria. Russia to the backing of Serbia.

Front 50

Schlielfen Plan

Back 50

1902: Military plan by Garmany to fight two front war. Planned to quickly go into invade France and defeat France while Russia mobilizes. Then fight Russia on Eastern Front. Plan fails in WWI because Germany invades Belgium to get to France which mobilizes Britain.

Front 51

First Battle of Marne

Back 51

1914: Britts and French Fight Germans, ruining Schlielfen Plan. 3o miles away from Paris, saves Paris from German Invasion.

Front 52

Battle of Verdum and Somme

Back 52

February 21, 1916, July 1916: Battles that showed war would be stagnant and brutal. French try to break German line. They lose hundreds of thousands of men and only gain a mile.

Front 53

Russian Social Democratic Party

Back 53

believed in Marxist's communist theory of bloody revolt. Revolt hast happenened by turn of century. Split into two sub-parties.

Front 54

Mensheviks

Back 54

Early 1900's: Wanted to push Russia toward Industrialization because Industrialization has to happen before Communism takes place.

Front 55

Bolsheviks/ Vladamir Lenin

Back 55

Early 1900's: Led by Vladimir Lenin, wanted to push for Bloody coup of government without waiting for industrialization unlike Mensheviks. After new government created after March Revolution fails, Bolsheviks gain control in October Revolution 1917. Russia becomes Union of Soviet Social Social Republic and exits war. Bolsheviks institute absolute control and eradicates parties, creating secret police after opposition and nostalgia to the monarchy boils from economic turmoil in Russia.

Front 56

Bloody Sunday

Back 56

January 22, 1905: Labour protests were fired on in St. Petersberg by Royal Guards. Led to 1905 Revolution.

Front 57

Duma

Back 57

1905: created by 1905 Revolution, desolving powers to parliment. However, Tsar and Tsaritsa elect members.

Front 58

Lusitania

Back 58

1915: Germany sinks ship after warning Americans Germany will sink anky ship supplying Britain and France.

Front 59

Zimmerman Telegram

Back 59

1917: The Zimmermann Telegram (or Zimmermann Note) was a 1917 diplomatic proposal from the German Empire offering a military alliance with Mexico, in the event of the United States entering World War I against Germany. The proposal was intercepted and decoded by British intelligence.

Front 60

2nd Battle of Marne

Back 60

1918: Germans want to end war before Americans get into it, last attempt to conquer Paris. Americans stop Germans at River of Marne and win.

Front 61

Treaty of Versailles

Back 61

June 28, 1919: Ended state of War between Germany and Allied powers. It redrew map of Europe into Ethnic countries. America wanted leniency, France (George Clemenceau) wanted vengance. France gets its wishes.

Front 62

Leauge of Nations

Back 62

1920: Created from Treaty of Versailles. One of Woodrow Wilson's 14 points he fought for in peace negotiations. Purposed to prevent another war.

Front 63

Joseph Stalin/ Five year plan

Back 63

1922: Came into power after Lenin died. Stalin's 5 year plan: industrialization, seizure of peasant land, he creates strong military, isolates Russia from west.

Front 64

Weimar Republic

Back 64

1920's: Republic has to pay back war reparations to France and Britain.