Scott Foresman Math, Sixth Grade Vocab.

Front 1

Lesson 1-1

Expanded Form

Back 1

A way to write a big number:
60,000,000 + 8,000,000 +
300,000 + 40,000

Front 2

Lesson 1-2

Exponential Form

Back 2

A way to express a number with an exponent: 2

Front 3

Lesson1-2

Base

Back 3

The repeated factor when using exponential notation. In
2 x 2 x 2, the 2 is the base.

Front 4

Lesson 1-2

Exponent or power

Back 4

The number that tells how many time the base is used
as a factor. In 2 to the third power, the 3 is the exponent or power.

Front 5

Lesson 1-2

Squared

Back 5

Squared means the same as a number raised to the second power; 7 to the second power is 7 squared.

Front 6

Lesson 1-2

Cubed

Back 6

A number raised to the third power is cubed; 5 to the third power is 5 cubed.

Front 7

Lesson 1-4

Round

Back 7

To give an estimate of a number to the nearest one, ten, hundred, and so on.

Front 8

Lesson 1-5

Estimate

Back 8

To find a number that is close to an exact answer.

Front 9

Lesson 1-5

Clustering

Back 9

An estimation method where numbers that are approximately equal are treated as if they were equal, such as:
26+24+23 =25+25+25.

Front 10

Lesson 1-5

Front-end estimation

Back 10

A method of estimation using the first digits of each addend that have the same place value, p. 16.

Front 11

Lesson 1-5

Front-end estimation with adjusting

Back 11

A method of front-end estimation that adjusts the result based on the remaining digits of each addend, p. 16.

Front 12

Lesson 1-6

Compatible Numbers

Back 12

Numbers that are easy to compute. Always use compatible numbers when estimating quotients.

Front 13

Lesson 1-6

Range

Back 13

The difference between the highest and lowest numbers in a set of data.

Front 14

Lesson 1-8

Order of operations

Back 14

A set of rules mathematicians use to determine the order in which operations are performed, p. 24

Front 15

Lesson 1-9

Commutative Property of Addition

Back 15

The order in which number are added does not affect the sum:
15+9=9+15.

Front 16

Lesson 1-9

Commutative Property of Multiplication

Back 16

The order in which numbers are multiplied does not affect the product:
4x12=12x4.

Front 17

Lesson 1-9

Associative Propery of Addition

Back 17

The way in whch numbers are grouped does not affect the sum:
4+(5+6)=(4+5)+6

Front 18

Lesson1-9

Associative Property of Multiplication

Back 18

The way in which numbers are grouped does not affect the product:
(2x5)x8=2x(5x8)

Front 19

Lesson 1-9

Identity Property of Zero

Back 19

The sum of any number and zero is that number:
5+0=5

Front 20

Lesson 1-9

Identity Property of One

Back 20

The product of one and any number is that number:
1x14=14

Front 21

Lesson 1-9

Multiplication Property of Zero

Back 21

The product of any number and zero is zero: 8x0=0.

Front 22

Lesson 1-10

Distributive Property

Back 22

Multiplying a sum by a number is the same as multiplying each addend by the number and then adding the products:
47x6
(40+7)6
40(6) + 7(6)
240 + 42
282

Front 23

Lesson 1-10

Break apart

Back 23

A technique used in the Distributive Property to compute a number mentally:
47=(40 +7)

Front 24

Lesson 1-13

Variable

Back 24

A quantity that can change or vary, often represented with a letter. In n + 8 = 15, n is the variable.

Front 25

Lesson 1-15

Evaluate

Back 25

To solve or find the number that an algebraic expression names by replacing a variable with a number. Evaluate 2n+5=11, means find n. n=3

Front 26

Lesson 1-14

Equation

Back 26

A math sentence stating that two expressions are equal. An equation always has an equal sign in it.

Front 27

Lesson 1-14

Properties of Equality

Back 27

Properties that state performing the same operation to both sides of an equation keeps the equation balanced, p. 44.

Front 28

Lesson 1-14

Addition Property of Equality

Back 28

Adding the same number to both sides of an equation does not change the equality.
9 + 8 = 17, so
9 + 8 + 4 = 17 + 4

Front 29

Lesson 1-14

Subtraction Property of Equality

Back 29

Subtracting the same number from both sides of an equation does not change the equality.
10 + 7 = 17, so
10 + 7 - 5 = 17 - 5

Front 30

Lesson 1-14

Multiplication Property of Equality

Back 30

Multiplying both sides of an equation by the same nonzero number does not change the equality.
4 x 3 = 12, so
4 x 3 x 2 = 12 x 2

Front 31

Lesson 1-14

Division Property of Equality

Back 31

Dividing both sides of an equation by the same nonzero number does not change the equality.
12 + 8 = 20, so
(12 + 8) /4 = 20/4

Front 32

Lesson 1-14

Inverse operations

Back 32

Operations that "undo" each other, such as addition and subtraction, or multplication and division (except multiplication by 0).

Front 33

Chapter Two

DECIMALS

Back 33

Chapter Two

DECIMALS

Front 34

Lesson 2-1

decimal

Back 34

A number that uses a decimal point. Example:
0.165

Front 35

Lesson 2-10

Positive powers of ten

Back 35

Numbers whose values range from 1 to beyond 100,000. These numbers are ten raised to a positive exponent.

Front 36

Lesson 2-10

Negative powers of ten

Back 36

Number whose values range from 0.1 to beyond 0.00001. These numbers are ten raised to a negative exponent.

Front 37

Lesson 2-11

scientific notation

Back 37

A very large or very small number expressd as a whole number (greater than or equal to one,but less than 10), multiplied by a power of ten.
Example: 2.547 x 10 raised to the fifth power.

Front 38

Lesson 2-13

write an equation

Back 38

A problem-solving strategy involving using a mathematical sentence to express that two expressions are equal.

Front 39

Chapter 3
Number Theory and Fraction Concepts

Back 39

Chapter 3
Number Theory and Fraction
Concepts

Front 40

Lesson 3-1
multiple

Back 40

The product of that number and a whole number greater than 0.
15 is a multiple of 3

Front 41

Lesson 3-1

divisible

Back 41

When a whole number can be divided by another whole number without a remainder.
15 is divisible by 5

Front 42

Lesson 3-1

factors

Back 42

The numbers that divide into a whole number evenly.
3 and 5 are factors of 15

Front 43

Lesson 3-1

divisors

Back 43

The numbers that divide into a whole number evenly; also known as factors.
3 and 5 are divisors of 15.

Front 44

Lesson 3-2

prime number

Back 44

A whole number that is greater than 1 and has exactly two factors, 1 and itself. Zero and one are neither prime nor composite.
Examples: 2, 3, 5, and 7 are prime.

Front 45

Lesson 3-2

composite number

Back 45

A whole number that is greater than 1 and has more than two factors.
Examples: 4,6, 8, and 9 are composite.

Front 46

Lesson 3-2

prime factorization

Back 46

A way to write a composite number as the product of prime numbers.
Example: 72= 2x2x2x3x3
Also, the prime factorization of a prime number is just that number.
Example: 11=11

Front 47

Lesson 3-3

common factors

Back 47

Numbers that are factors of more than one number.
Example: common factors of 4 and 12 include:1, 2, and 4.

Front 48

Lesson 3-3

greatest common factor
GCF

Back 48

The largest number that is a factor of more than one number.
Example: The GCF of 4 and 12 is 4.

Front 49

Lesson 3-4

common multiples

Back 49

A multiple that is the same for two or more numbers.
Example:The first two common multiples of 8 and 10 are: 40 and 80.

Front 50

Lesson 3-4

least common multiple
LCM

Back 50

The smallest number, other than zero, that is a common multiple of two or more numbers.
Example: The LCM of 8 and 10 is 40.

Front 51

Lesson 3-4

Make a Table

Back 51

A problem-solving strategy involving using labels, entering known data, looking for a pattern as the table is extended, and finding the answer.

Front 52

Lesson 3-6

fraction

Back 52

A number that can be used to describe a part of a set or a part of a whole.
Example: 3/7

Front 53

Lesson 3-6

denominator

Back 53

A number that gives the total number of objects in the set or the number of equal parts in the whole. The denominator is the bottom number of a fraction.

Front 54

Lesson 3-6

numerator

Back 54

A number that gives the number of objects or equal parts being considered. The numerator is the top number in a fraction.

Front 55

Lesson 3-7

equivalent fractions

Back 55

Fractions that name the same amount.
Example: 3/4 is equivalent to 6/8.

Front 56

Lessson 3-7

least common denominator
LCD

Back 56

The least common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions.
Example: 12 is the LCD of 1/4 and 1/6.

Front 57

Lesson 3-7

simplest form

Back 57

When a fraction has only 1 as the common factor of both the numberator and the denominator.
Example: 5/6 is in simplest form.

Front 58

Lesson 3-8

proper fraction

Back 58

A fraction that is less than one and its numberator is less than its denominator.

Front 59

Lesson 3-8

improper fraction

Back 59

A fraction whose numerator is greater than or equal to its denominator.

Front 60

Lesson 3-8

mixed number

Back 60

A number that combines a whole number and a fraction. It is greater than one.

Front 61

Lesson 3-9

benchmark fraction

Back 61

Common fractions that are used to estimate a fractional amount.
Examples: 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, and 3/4 are benchmark fractions.

Front 62

Lesson 3-10

terminating decimal

Back 62

A decimal with a finite (it ends) number of digits.
Example: 0.375

Front 63

Lesson 3-10

repeating decimal

Back 63

A decimal in which a digit or digits repeat endlessly.

Front 64

Chapter 5

Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

Back 64

Chapter 5

Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

Front 65

Lesson 5-5

Make an Organized List

Back 65

Lesson 5-5
A problem solving strategy involving identifying item to be combined, choosing one of those items, and finding combinations, keeping that item fixed.

Front 66

Lesson 5-5

reciprocal

Back 66

Lesson 5-5

Two numbers whose product is 1.
Example 4/5 and 5/4 are reciprocals.

Front 67

Lesson 5-5

multiplicative inverse

Back 67

Lesson 5-5

Another word for reciprocal.
4/5 is the multiplicative inverse of 5/4.

Front 68

Chapter 6
Ratio, Rates, and Proportion

Back 68

Chapter 6
Ratio, Rates and Proportion

Front 69

Chapter 5

Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

Back 69

Chapter 5

Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

Front 70

Lesson 5-5

Make an Organized List

Back 70

Lesson 5-5
A problem solving strategy involving identifying item to be combined, choosing one of those items, and finding combinations, keeping that item fixed.

Front 71

Lesson 5-5

reciprocal

Back 71

Lesson 5-5

Two numbers whose product is 1.
Example 4/5 and 5/4 are reciprocals.

Front 72

Lesson 5-5

multiplicative inverse

Back 72

Lesson 5-5

Another word for reciprocal.
4/5 is the multiplicative inverse of 5/4.

Front 73

Chapter 6
Ratio, Rates, and Proportion

Back 73

Chapter 6
Ratio, Rates and Proportion

Front 74

Lesson 6-1

ratio

Back 74

A comparison of two quantities that can be written as a to b, a:b, or a/b.

Front 75

Lesson 6-3

rate

Back 75

A ratio that compares two quantities with different units of measure.
A common rate is miles per hour or mph

Front 76

Lesson 6-3

unit rate

Back 76

A rate that compares the quantity to 1.
Examples:
22 miles per gallon
3 cups water to 1 can lemonade mix
$1.50 per pound

Front 77

Lesson 6-5

proportion

Back 77

A mathematical statement that two ratios are equal. The units must be the same across the top and bottom, or down the left and right sides.

Front 78

Lesson 6-5

cross products

Back 78

The product of the first term of the first ratio and the second term of the second ratio, and the product of the second term of the first ratio and the first term of the second ratio.
In the proportion 1/20=2/40, 1x40 and 20 x2 are cross products.

Front 79

Lesson 6-9

formula

Back 79

A rule that uses symbols to relate two or more quantities. This formula relates distance, rate, and time:
d = r x t

Front 80

Lesson 6-10

scale drawing

Back 80

A drawing made so that the distances in the drawings are proportional to actual distances.

Front 81

Lesson 6-10

scale

Back 81

The ratio of the measurements in a drawing to the actual measurements of the object.

Front 82

Chapter 7

Percent

Back 82

Chapter 7

Percent

Front 83

Lesson 7-1

percent

Back 83

A ratio in which the first term is compared to 100.

Front 84

Lesson 7-7

solve a simpler problem

Back 84

A problem-solving strategy which involves breaking apart or changing the problem into one or more problems that are easier to solve.

Front 85

Lesson 7-8

discount

Back 85

The amount of money taken off the original price when stores have sales.

Front 86

Lesson 7-10

principal

Back 86

Original amount of money borrowed or loaned.

Front 87

Lesson 7-10

interest

Back 87

A charge for the use of money, paid by the borrower to the lender.

Front 88

Lesson 7-10

simple interest

Back 88

Interest paid only on the principal, found by taking the product of the principal, rate, and time.

Front 89

Chapter 8

Algebra: Integers and Rational Numbers

Back 89

Chapter 8

Algebra: Integers and Rational Numbers

Front 90

Lesson 8-1

opposites

Back 90

Numbers that are the same distance from 0. -5 and 5 are opposites.

Front 91

Lesson 8-1

integers

Back 91

The counting numbers, their opposites, and zero.

Front 92

Lesson 8-1

absolute value

Back 92

The distance of an integer from zero. Absolute value is always positive.
The absolute value of 5 and -5 is written l5l.

Front 93

Lesson 8-3

rational numbers

Back 93

The numbers that can be written as a quotient a/b, where a and b are integers and b does not equal zero. So, the rational numbers include positives and negatives, decimals, and fractions.