Science Multiple Choice Review

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Anatomy is the branch of science that considers

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the structure of a living thing

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Biology is the science concerned with

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The study of only new species and traits

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Botany studies

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plant life and its mechanisms

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The study of interactions between organisms and their physical environments is known as

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Ecology

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Physiology is the study of

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the function of living systems and how they work

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The study of classifications, habits, evolution, health, and social patterns of all species in the animal kingdom is

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Zoology

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The science that looks at land masses, their structures, and the movement patterns of people who inhabit the areas of interests is

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Geography

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The study of the earth and its structure is

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Geology

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The study of water movement, sources of distribution, and quality on Earth and other planets is

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Hydrology

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Meteorology deals with

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the study of the atmosphere and the forecasting of weather patterns

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The study of the celestial sky is

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Astronomy

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Agriculture involves

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feed production, fertilizers, land use, food growth, and animal husbandry

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The practice of growing, managing, harvesting, and conserving forests is

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Forestry

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Lack of vitamin C, ascorbic acid, causes which disease?

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Scurvy

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Lack of vitamin D causes which disease?

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Rickets and osteoporosis

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Lack of iodine causes which disease?

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Goiter

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The International System (SI) standard uses what unit of measurement for mass?

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Kilogram

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What is the SI unit for work?

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Joule

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A nanosecond equals

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0.000000001 seconds

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A kilogram equals

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1,000 grams

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A 165-lb man weighs how many kilograms?

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75 kilograms

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Six inches equals how many centimeters?

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15.24 cm

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638 kilometers equals how many miles?

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395.6 miles

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A container has a volume of 310 cubic centimeters. What is the volume in cubic inches?

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19.91 cubic inches

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You're traveling and hear that the temp is 16.4 degrees Celsius. Convert that temp to degrees Fahrenheit.

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62 degrees

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Convert 78 degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius.

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26 degrees

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A formalized method for the observation, experimentation, development, and further modification of a scientific idea is called the

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scientific method

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The measurement 0.000000000000025 grams can be written as

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2.5 x 10-14 grams

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The classification of organisms in a way that corresponds with their relationships among each other is

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Taxonomy

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Three 3 domains that are most commonly recognized in classification are

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Archaea, Eubacteris, Eukarya

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Domain Eukarya is subdivided into 4 kingdoms, which are

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Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

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Humans are part of the domain

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Eukarya

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The fundamental unit of structure, function, and organization in all living organisms is

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the cell

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An organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes is

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Eukaryotic

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The gel-like substance containing all the cell's internal structures except the nucleus is the

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Cytoplasm

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What structure is responsible for protein synthesis?

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Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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What structure is responsible for metabolizing carbohydrates/steroids, regulating calcium concentration, making lipids, and assisting in attaching receptors on cell membrane proteins?

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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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Following synthesis, what structure is responsible for the processing of proteins for secretion?

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Golgi apparatus

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What separates the exterior of a cell from the interior?

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Cell membrane

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Also known as the cell's power plant, what structure generates ATP, used as a source of chemical energy?

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Miochondrion

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What structure is responsible for maintaining cell heredity and fictional integrity?

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Nucleus

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The process of dividing one cell nucleus into two nuclei is called

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Mitosis

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What structure assists in the genetic transfer of info in a process known as translation?

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Ribosome

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The biological process in which cells process nutrient molecules through catabolism and anabolism is called

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Metabolism

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The function of an enzyme is to

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speed up a chemical reaction with less hear required

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The diffusion of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration is known as

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Osmosis

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When a biological cell engulfs a substance or particle to forma food vacuole, that process is called

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Phagocytosis

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The process where energy is converted from light to chemical energy in plants is called

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Photosynthesis

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What broad term indicates the process where chemical bonds of energy rich molecules are converted into energy that is usable for all life processes and functions?

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Cell repiration

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Which system serves as support, allows for movement at the joints, and protects vital organs?

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skeletal system

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Which system allows movement through a coordinated contraction of its tissue and is controlled primarily through the nervous system?

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muscular system

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The ____________ transports_______________ blood from the heart to the lungs.

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pulmonary artery; deoxygenated

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Gas exchange takes place

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in the lungs at the alveoli

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The brain stem controls

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automatic-type responses and muscles

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Which system is responsible for transporting oxygen rich blood to the various parts of the body?

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systemic circulatory system

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The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

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motor and sensory nerves outside the brain and spinal column

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The initial substance formed in your stomach by a combo of mastication, hydrochloric acid, and enzymes is called

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Chyme

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What are most nutrients absorbed?

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small intestine

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Sugars that are found in foods are called

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carbs

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Which system serves as a chemical info signal system to the nervous system?

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endocrine system

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Which system is responsible for the combining of genetic material for evolutionary survival of a species?

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reproductive system

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Upon normal fertilization, a normal human egg attaches to the _____________ and has a gestation period of approximately _____________ months.

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Uterus, nine

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If one parent has dominant trait gene (Dd) and the other parent doesn't have the trait (dd), what is the chance that their offspring will have the dominant trait?

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50%

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Women are more susceptible to urinary and bladder infections, primarily because of the fact that

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Women have a shorter urethra

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Which system moves a clear liquid toward the heat and deals with the immunity of the body?

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lymphatic system

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Which branch of chemistry deals with carbon-based compounds?

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organic chemistry

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What branch of chemistry deals with non carbon based compounds?

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inorganic chemistry

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What type of matter has defined shape, mass, and volume?

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Solid

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When a substance transfers directly from a solid to a gas, the process is called

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sublimation

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A pure chemical substance containing one type of atom is called

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element

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The basic unit of matter

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unit

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Electrons are bound to the nucleus of an atom

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Electromagnetic force

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The acceptance, sharing, and giving of electrons form the basis for all

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chemical reactions

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The number of _______________ in an atom determines what type of element that atom is.

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protons

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Inside the nucleus of an element, you find both neutrons and

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protons

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True statement

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a proton has a larger mass than an electron does

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Neutrons carry what type of charge

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none

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An element that has its usual number of protons but a different number of neutrons is called a(n)

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isotope

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Which electrons of an atom can participate in the formation of chemical bonds?

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valence electrons

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Atoms with a complete, or closed, shell of valence electrons tend to be

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chemically inert

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An orbital or electron cloud of electrons orbiting the nucleus of an atom is called the

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electron shell

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What determines an element's atomic number?

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#of protons in the atom

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The atomic mass listed with an element on the periodic table is the average of

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the naturally occurring isotopes of that element

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Elements listed in any particular column (group) on the periodic table share the same characteristics for chemical bonding because

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they have the same # of valence electrons

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When heat is given off during a chemical reaction, the reaction is called

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exothermic

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When heat is consumed during a chemical reaction, the reaction is called

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endothermic

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The law of ______________ states that a chemical reaction can't create or destroy matter.

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conservation of mass

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When something has a pH below 7, that thing is considered a(n)

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acid

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Acids act as

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proton donors

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Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of ______________ from one molecule (acid) to another (base)

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protons

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What effect does a low-gravity environment, such as spaceflight, have on weight and mass?

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mass remains the same, and weight decreases

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An 80-kilogram man jumps off a raft that weights 100 kilograms. His initial velocity from jumping is 7 meters per second. Assuming that the friction resistance of the water is zero, the velocity of the raft after the man jumps will be

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5.6 meters per second

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Front 102

Two objects collide with one another from opposite directions. Object A weighs 7 kilograms and is traveling at 10 meters per second, and object B weighs 7 kilograms and is traveling at 5 meters per second. If the two objects remain attached following the collision, what is their combined speed?

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2.5 meters per second

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The speed of the projectile with a momentum of 13.7 kilograms meters per second and a mass of 0.005 kilograms is

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2,740 meters per second

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If a car drives due east for 20 meters at 20 meters per second and then immediately drives due west for 20 meters at 20 meters per second, what is the car's average velocity after 2 seconds?

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0

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An object an accelerate by

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1. changing speed

2. changing velocity

3. changing the direction of its velocity but not the magnitude

Front 106

The formula for calculating force (F) is

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F=ma, with the results measured in newtons

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Front 108

An object moves 2 meters after a force of 2 newtons is applied. how much work has occurred?

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4 joules

Front 109

Two items A and B weighing 5 and 10 lbs, respectively, are dropped at the same time from a 200 foot tower (same wind resistance). Which item will impact the ground first?

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they will hit at the same time

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in question 109, which item will have great potential energy (PE)?

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B (the one weighing 10 lbs)

Front 111

Not including friction, a single pulley gives a mechanical advantage of

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1

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The wheel barrow is an example of

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a second class lever

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A pressure of 23 pascals is applied to an area of 2.2 square meters. What is the force?

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50.6 newtons

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An object immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid that the object displaces. This result is an example of

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Archimedes's principle

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Any pressure applied to a confined fluid at any point is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid. This result is an example of

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Pascal's principle

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_______________ states that as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by that fluid decreases

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Bernoulli's principle

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110 volts is applied to a light that has a resistance of 10 ohms. What is the smallest circuit breaker you can use to handle that current?

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10 amp breaker

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A 110 volt power source results in 3 amps to the load. The total power delivered is

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330 watts

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The unit of measurement for electrical resistance to oppose the current or flow of electrons is

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Ohm

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In the electromagnetic spectrum, which of the following has the longest wavelength?

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Microwaves

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A pendulum has a frequency of oscillation f. To triple f, the length of the pendulum should be

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decreased by a factor of 9

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What percentage of the earth's surface is made up of water?

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70.8 %

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The troposphere begins at the earth's surface and extends approximately

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4 to 12 miles

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The age of the Earth is approximately

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4.5 to 4.6 billion years

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Our solar system consists of how many planets?

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8

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The largest planet in our solar system is

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Jupiter