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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nerve Tissue
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Carries messages back and froth between the brain and every other part of the body. It directs and controls the body.
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Connective Tissue
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provides support for your body and connects all its parts.
Ex- Bone,fat, and blood. |
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Epithelial Tissue
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Covers the surfacts of your body.
Ex- The skin and the lining of the dygestive system. |
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Organ
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Stcuture that is composed od different kinds of tissue.
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oRGAN SYSTEM
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GROUP of organs that work together to perform a major function
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Homeostasis
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Bodys tendency to maintain an internal balance. It is the porcess by which an organisms internal enivironment is kept staple in spit of changes in the externeal enviornment.
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Stress
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Your bodys reaction to threatning, challenging, or disturbing evens. Stress upsets your bodys homeostasis,
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Adrenaline
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Released in the bloodstreem... gives you a burst of energy and causes many other changes in your body.
Speeds up your breathing and quickens your heart rate. |
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Involuntary muscles
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The muscles that are not under your conscious control
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Voluntary muscles
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the muscles that are under your control
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What are the three types of muscle tissue?
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Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle
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Skeletal Muscles
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Attatched to the bones of your skeleon.
Voluntary |
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Tendon
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A strong connective tissue that attatches muscle to the bone
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Smooth muscles
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Involuntary muscles because they work automatically, Inside many internal organs of the body and control many movememnts
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Cardiac Muscles
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involuntary muscles found only in the heart
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What are the five major functions of the skeleton
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Provides shape and support, enables you to move, protects your internal organs, prodeuces blood cells, and stoes cetrain materials until your body needs them
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Vertebrae
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26 small bones that make up your backbone
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Marrow
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the spaces in bone that contain a soft connective tissue
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Cartilage
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connective tissue that is more flexible than bone.
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Joint
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A place in the body where two bones come together
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immovable and movvable joints
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immovable- allow little or no movement
movable- allows the body to make a qide range of movements |
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Ball And socket joint
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allows the greatest range of motion
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hinge joint
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Allows forward or backward moition
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pivot joint
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allows one bone to roate around another
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gliding joint
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allows one bone to slide over another
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Ligament
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the bones in movable joints that are held together by a strong connective tissue
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osteoporosis
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a condition in which the bodys bones become weak and break easily
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Force
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A push or pull on an object
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Work
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When the force that you exert makes the object moved
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Machines
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devices that help you do work
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Lever
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rigit object that pivots, or rotates, about a fixed point
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fulcrum
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the fixed point around which the lever roates
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Mechanical advantage
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a machine is a measure of how much easier it is to do work by using a machine
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first. second. and third class lever
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1st= Fulcrum is located between the input force and the output force
2nd- between the fulcrum and the input force 3rd- the fulcrum and the output force |
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Skin
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covers teh body and prevents the loss of water. Protects the body from injury and infection. The skin also helps to regulate body temperature, elimante wastees, gather information about the eniviornment, and produce vitamin D
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Epidermis
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the outermost layer of skin
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melanin
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a pigment that cells deem in the epidermis produce
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dermis
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lower layer of the skin
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pores
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an opening through which sweat reaches the surface of the skin.
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follicles
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structure in the dermis of the skin from which a strand of hair grows
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four habits to keep skin healthy
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eat properly, drink enough water, limit your exposure to the sun, keep your skin clean and dry
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cancer
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disease in which some body cells divide uncontrollably.
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acne
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a bacterial infection of the skin in which the oil glands become blocked and swollen
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Nutrients
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the substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all the essential processes
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Six kinds of nutrients
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Carbohydres, fats, proteins, vitmains, minerals, and water.
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calorie
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the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one celsius degree.
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carboyhydrates
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nutrients composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Major source of energy.
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Glucouse
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major source of energy for your bodys cells
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fiber
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complex carbohydrate found in plant foods. Keeps the digestive system functioning properly
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Fats
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High energy nutritents that are composed of carbon oxyten and hydrogen
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unsaturated fats
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fats such as olive oil and canola oil, that are usually liquid at room temperature
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saturated fats
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fats such as butter that are usually solid at room temperature
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cholesterol
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a waxy fatlike substance found only in animal products
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Digestive system- main functions
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* breaks down food into molecules
*molecules are absorbed into the blood throughout the body *wastes are eliminated from the body |
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digestion
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the process by which the body breaks down food into small nutritent molecules
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Two kinds of digestion
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mechanical- foods are physically broken down into smaller pieces
chemical- chemicals produced by the body break foods insto their smaller chemical building blocks |
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absorption
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process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into our blood
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saliva
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the fluid released when your mouth waters. plays important role in mechanical and chemical digestion
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enyzme
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protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body.
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epiglottis
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a flap of tissue that seals off your windpipe preventing food from entering
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esophagus
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a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
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mucus
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a thick,slippery substance produced by the body.
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peristalsis
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involuntary waves of muscle contractions that move food down the esophagus towards the stomach
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stomach
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j-shaped muscular pouch located in the abdomen
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small intestine
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part of the digestive system where most of the chemical digestion takes place. almost all chemical digestion and absportion of nutrients take place.
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liver
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located in the uppoer portion of the abdomen, plays an important role in digestion. Produces bile
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Bile
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substances that breaks up fat particles
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gallbladder
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the organ that s tores bile
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pancreas
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triangular organ that lies between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine.
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villi
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the lining of the small intestine that is covered with millions of tiny structures
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large intestine
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the last section of the digestive system that contains helpful baccteria that feet on the mat erial passing through
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what happens in the movementt of large istestine
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water is absorbed into t he bloodstream. the remaining material is readied for elimation from the b ody
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rectum
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the sh ort tube where the large intestine ends.
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anus
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the muscular opening at the end of the reectm.
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carbohydrates
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nutrients composed of carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen...source of material that makes parts of cells
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proteins
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nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen.
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amino acids
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small units that proteins are made up of..that are linked together to form protein molecules
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vitamins
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helper moleculles in a variety of chemical reactions within the body
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mineralls
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nutrients that are not made by living things.
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species
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a grorup of similar organisms that can mate with eachother and produce fertile offspring.
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adaptation
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a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce
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evolutoin
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the gradual cahnge in a species overtime
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scientific theory
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well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations
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natural selection
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process by which individuals that are better adapted to their enivornment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species
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variation
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any difference between individuals of the same species
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What are the two characteristics of the plant?
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they have vascular tissue and use seeds to reproduce
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phloem
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vascular tissue through whichh food moves.
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xylem
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where water and nutrients travel in the vascular tissue.
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Seeds
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structures that contain a young plant inside a protective covering.
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seeds important parts
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embryo. stored food. and a seed coat
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embryo
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the young plant that devolops from the zygoat, or fertilized egg
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cotyledons
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food is stored inside one or two seed leaves.
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germination
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early growth stage of the embryo. begins when the seed absorbs water from the enivornment and uses its stored food to begin and grow
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process of photosynthesis
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leaves capture the suns energy and carry outo the food making.
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stomata
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the underside of the leaf thath as small openings or pores
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transpiration
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the process by which water evaporates from the stomata in a plants leaves
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cambium
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the layers of cells inside of the stem
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root cap
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where the tip of root is rounded..protects the root from injury from rocks and other material as the root grwos through the soil/
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angiosperm
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a plant that produces seeds that are enclosed in a fruit
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ovary
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seeds devolop in a protective structure
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flower
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the reproductive structure of an angiosperm.
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two characteristics of angiosperms
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produce flowers and fruit
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petals
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the colorful ructures that you see when flowers open.
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sepals
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leaf like structures thatp rotect the devoloping flowers.
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stamens
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the male reproducttive parts
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pistils
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the female parts that are usulaly found in the center of the flower
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Angiospermm reproduction
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first pollen falls on a strigma..in time the sperm cell and egg cell join together in the flowers ovule. the zygote devolops into the embryo part of the seed
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fruit
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a ripened ovary and other structures that enclose one or more seeds
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monocots
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angiosperms that only have one seed lead
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dictos
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produce seeds with two leaves and include plants such as roses violets and dandelions
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monocots
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angiosperms that only have one seed lead
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dictos
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produce seeds with two leaves and include plants such as roses violets and dandelions
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photosynethsis
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the process by which plants make food...during photosynthesis a plant uses carbon dioside gas and water to make food and oxygen
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cell wall
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a boundary that surrons the cell membrane and seperates the cell from the enivornment
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cellulouse
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a chemical that makes the walls rigit
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chloroplasts
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structures in which food is made
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vacuole
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large sacklike storage area that stores water wastes and food.
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tissues
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groups of similar cells that perform a specific function.
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chlorophyll
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a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells
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what doo plants need to survive on land
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they must have ways to obtain water and other materials from their surroundings, retains awter, transport materials throughout the plant, support their bodies, and reproduce successfully.
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cuticle
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waxy waterproof layer covering there leaves..helps keep water inside a plant cell rather than let it evaporate into the air
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vascular tissue
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an internal syystem of tubelike structures through which food and water move inside the plant
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fertilization
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occurs when a sperm cell unites with an egg cel
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zygote
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the fertilized egg
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sporophyte
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a stage when the plant produces spores
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gametophyte+ gametes
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produces gametes
gametes- sperm and egg cells |
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how do u determine the evolutionary relationships among organisms
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compare body structures, devolopement before birth, and dna sequences
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homologous structures
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similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor
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branching tree
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diagram that shows how scientists think different groups of organisms are related.
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fossil
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preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past
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when do fossils form
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when the organisms that die become buried in sediments
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fossil record
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the millions of fossils that scientesits ahve collected
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extinct
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if no members of that species are still alive..the fossil recprd also provides clues about how and when new groups of organisms evolved
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gradualism
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the theory that evoloution ocurs slowly but steeadily
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punctuated equilibria
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theory that species evolve during short periods of rapid change
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fossil record
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the millions of fossils that scientesits ahve collected
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extinct
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if no members of that species are still alive..the fossil recprd also provides clues about how and when new groups of organisms evolved
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gradualism
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the theory that evoloution ocurs slowly but steeadily
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punctuated equilibria
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theory that species evolve during short periods of rapid change
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