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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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53. Seafloor Spreading
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Hot less dense material below the earths crust raises toward the surface. then flows sideways carrying the seafloor away from the ridge.
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55. Glossopteris or fossil plants supported what?
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Wegners Theory
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56. Evidence supportin continental drift
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seafloor spreading, evidence of past climate changes, fossil similarities of S. Amer and Africa
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57. Magnetometer
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a tool used for finding ore rich rock formation.
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45. How did the Himalayas form?
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Himalayas formed when India broke away from Gondwanalandand. The Indian piece traveled North & collided w Asia.
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46. Continential Drift
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Wegeners hyposthesis that all continents were once connected in a single large landmass that broke apart and drifted slowly to their current positions.
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47. Divergent Boundaries
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2 tectonic plates are moving away from each other.
Divergent - pull apart |
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48. Convergent Boundaries
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meet at one point to collide, pull together.
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49. Transform Boundary
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One of 3 types of plate boundaries (convergent & divergent)Involve 2 plates that move/slide past each other.
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50. Magnetic Reversal
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the earth's magnetic field has reversed polarity hundreds of times.
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51, Pangaea
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Large ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together.
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52. Glomar Challenger Ship
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Research ship gathered information about the rocks on the seafloor.
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58. Great rift valley - where and how formed
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Runs from Southwest Asia to E. Africa. Caused by geoloical process of rifting, several plates of the Earth's crust join.
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59. Transform Boundary Example
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San Andreas Fault in CA, between the Pacific plate and the N. Amer Plate.
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60. Radiation
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Energy transfered by waves or rays.
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61. Conduction
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Transfer of energy that occurs when molecules bump into each other.
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62. Convection
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Transfer of heat by the flow of material.
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63. Sea and Land Breezes
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sea - created during the day solar radiation warms the land more than the water.
Land -movement of air toward the water from the land. |
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64. Atmospheric pressure
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Pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere. At sea level it has a mean value of one atmosphere but reduces w/ increasin altitude.
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65. Doldrums
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along the equator, heating causes air to expand, creating a zone f low pressure. Cloundy, rainy weather develops almost every afternoon.
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66. Troposphere
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Lowest of Earth's atmospheric layers.
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67. Exosphere
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Outer most layer of the Earth's atmosphere.
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68. Stratosphere
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A layer directly above the troposphere extends above the Earth's surface.
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69. Mesosphere
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Extends from the top of the stratosphere to aout 85km above Earth.
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70. Jet Stream
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Narrow belts of strong winds.
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71. Polar Easteries
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Polar regions cold, dense air sinks & moves away from the poles.
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72. Wind Patterns - causes
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the sun & rotation causes global wind patterns.
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73. Condensation
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Water vapor changing to a liquid.
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74. Chlorofluorocarbons
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Chemical carbons used in some refrierators, air conditioners & aerosol sprays can enter the atmosphere if these appliances leak or ar improperly discarded.
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75. Ionosphere
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within the mesosphere & thermosphere is a layer of electrically charged particles.
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76. The color of our planets -why they are those colors
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Mercury - grey(rocks)
Venus - yellow (sulfuric clouds) Earth - blue (water & clouds) Mars - orange (rocks & hight iron) Jupiter - orange white bands (clouds of ammonium) Saturn - pale yellow Uranus - light blue (methane clouds) Neptune - light blue (methane clouds) Pluto - light brown (unpure methane ice) |
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77. Pluto's Orbit
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248 yrs to complete one orbit
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78.Comets
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space object made of dust & rock particles mixed w/ frozen water, methane & ammonia that forms a bright coma as it approaches the sun.
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79. Kepler
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Mathematician studied orbits of planets. Discovered shapes of the orbits are not circular. They are oval shaped.
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80. Copernicus
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Developed sun centered model of the solar system. Planets orbited the sun in circles.
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81. Galileo
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Concluded the sun is the center of the solar system.
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82. Inner Planets
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Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
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83. Outer Planets
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Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
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84. Least known about planet
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Saturn
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85. Meteorites, metoroids, metors
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Meteorites - metoride burns up completely in the atmosphere and strikes the Eart.
Metoroid - sand to boulder size particle of debris in the solar system. Metor - Meteoroid that burns up in Earth's atmosphere. |
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86. Asteroids
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a piece of rock similar to the material that formed into the planets
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87. Asteroids belts
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lies between the orits of Mars and Jupiter.
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88. Sun's origins
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the sun which is one of many stars in our galaxy, probably escaped from this cluster and has sicne revolved around the galaxy many time.
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89. Greenhouse effect on planets
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natural heating that occurs when certain gases in Earth's atmosphere, such as methane, CO2, and water vapor trap heat.
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90. Orgins of planets
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matter that did not get pulled into the center collided and struck together to form the planets and asteroids.
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91. Constellation
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group of stars that forms a pattern in the sky that looks like a familiar object, animal, or character.
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92. Sirius
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brightest star that is visible from the N. Hemisphere, is in Canis Major.
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93. Main sequence stars
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a continuous & distinctive band of stars band is know as "dwarf stars".
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94. How the sun produces energy
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Hydrogen fusing unto helium is the primary source of energy being radiated from the sun.
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95. Black hole
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final stage in the evolution of a very massive star, where the cor's mass collapses to a point that ist gravity is so strong that not even light can escape.
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96. Giant
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late stage in the life of comparatively low mass main sequence star in which hydrogen in the core is deleted, the core contracts and temp inside the star increase causing its outer layers to expand and cool.
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97. Nebula
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large cloud of gas & dust that contracts under ravitational force & breaks apart into smaller pieces, each of which might collapse to form a star.
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98. Super Nova
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a new star described by Chinese observers.
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99. Prominences
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Huge arching colums of gas.
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100. Corona
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Outermost layer of the sun's atmosphere extends millions of km into space & has temp up to 2 million.
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101. Photosphere
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Lowest layer of the sun's atmosphere; gives off light has temp of about 6,000k.
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102. Binary Star System
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When 2 stars orbit each other
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103.Elliptical Galaxies
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Common type of galaxy. The galaxies are shaped like large three dimensional ellipses.
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104. Spiral Galaxy
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Galaxies that have spiral arms that wind outward from the center.
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105. Big Bang Theory
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formation of the universe.
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106. Red Shift
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When a spectrograph is used to study light from galaxies beyond the local group a red shift occurs in the light.
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107. White dwarf
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Small Stars
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108. Clouds of Magellan
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Irregular galaxy
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109. Galaxy
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Large group of stars, gas & dust held together by gravity.
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110. Galaxy Clusters
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most galaxies occur in groups of galaxies.
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111. Local Group
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Galaxies are grouped into clusters. The cluster the Milky way belongs to is called a local group
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112. Atmosphere
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Earth's air; made up of a thin layer of gases, solids, and liquids
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113. Apparent & absolute magnitude
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Measure of the amount of light from a star that is received on Earth.
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114. Doppler Shift
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Light from a moving object will appear to have different wave lengths depending on relative motion.
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115. Causes of prominences & flares
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the sun spins faster at the equator then at the poles, this causes a dirrerence in magnetic fields.
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116. Sunspot Cycle
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N/A
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117 H-R Diagram
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Hertzsprung Russell diagram a scatter graph of stars showing the relationship between the stars
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