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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fault
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– the boundary between two rock sections that have been displaced relative to each other
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Plate tectonics
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– the theory that the Earth’s crust is made up of rigid plates that move; the motion of these plates causes continental drift
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Weathering
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– the process by which rock is worn down by water, wind, or ice
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Erosion
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– occurs when weathered fragments of soil, rock, and other materials are carried away
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Convergent
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– plate boundaries where plates are moving toward another plate
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Divergent
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– plate boundaries where plates are moving away from another plate
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Elastic rebound theory
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– explains how rocks spring back to their original shape after they have been deformed by tectonic force
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Epicenter
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– the position on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus of an earthquake
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Focus or hypocenter
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– the point at which stress breaks the friction lock between two plates of the Earth’s crust
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Magnitude
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– the strength of an earthquake
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Richter scale of magnitude
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– scale used to measure the strength of an earthquake based on the amplitude of seismic waves
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Seismographs
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– instruments that record the vibrations of the Earth during an earthquake
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Seismologists
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– people who study earthquakes
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Shock or seismic waves
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– stored energy that is released in the form of intense vibrations during an earthquake
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Lava
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– magma that emerges on the Earth’s surface
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Magma
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– molten rock that triggers earthquakes and creates volcanoes as it rises within the Earth
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Dormant
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– inactive (sleeping)
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Active
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– has erupted recently or is currently erupting or expected to erupt
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Extinct
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– has not erupted in recorded history and is not expected to erupt
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Volcanic types
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– Strato, Shield, Cinder Cone, Dome
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Crust
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– Earth’s outermost geological layer; it is rigid and brittle
8-20km / 5-12 miles thick |
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Mantle
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– The layer directly beneath the crust; composed of solid rock 2900 km / 1800 miles thick
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Outer core
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– the layer beneath the mantle, composed of hot molten metals – 2300 km / 1429 miles thick
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Inner core
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– Earth’s central geological layer, composed primarily of solid iron and nickel – 1200 km / 746 mile radius
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Lithosphere
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– region ranging from Earth’s surface to a depth averaging 100km; consists of crust and upper mantle; broken into a series of plates that move independently of one another
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Asthenosphere
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– region below the lithosphere; includes mantle that is solid rock under high pressure; this causes the rock to become somewhat fluid so it flows
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Crust
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Earth’s outermost layer; rigid and brittle
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Mantle
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Layer directly beneath the crust; made of solid rock
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Outer core
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Layer beneath the mantle, made up of hot molten metals
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Inner core
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Earth’s central layer, made primarily of solid iron and nickel
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Lithosphere
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Earth’s crust and upper mantle area; broken into a series of plates that move independently of one another
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Asthenosphere
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Below the lithosphere; includes lower mantle and is somewhat fluid
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Earth's Layers
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Crust Mantle
Outer Core Inner Core Lithosphere Asthenosphere |
