Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Volcano |
A place where extremely hot material from inside the Earth erupts at the surface |
|
|
Materials in an eruption |
Gasses such as steam Ash Lava Solid volcano rock |
|
|
Magma |
Molten rock below the earth's surface |
|
|
When can an eruption be explosive |
Magma is viscous Contains alot of water and gas |
|
|
Pyrolytic flow |
a cloud of ash, rock and gas about 500 Celsius that exists from a volcano like an avalanche |
|
|
Where do volcanoes occur? |
Near the edges of tectonic plates- movement create weaknesses Diverging plate boundaries create weaknesses because the separating plates thin the crust. Converging plates, subduction, create weaknesses and generates heat |
|
|
Hot spots |
Isolated places away from plate boundaries where alot of hot magma is being created |
|
|
Earthquake |
Rapid movement on the ground, usually back and forty, up and down in a wave motion due to movement of tectonic plates |
|
|
Seismometer |
An instrument that detects seismic waves from an earthquake |
|
|
Seismic wave |
The shaking, wave like movement on the ground in an earthquake |
|
|
Primary waves |
Longitudinal waves that travel through the earth |
|
|
Secondary waves |
Transverse wave that travel slightly slower than p waves through the earth |
|
|
Surface waves |
Slowest waves and most destructive |
|
|
S and P waves |
Travel deep under the ground Bend upwards to reach the surface P waves shake the ground up and down, s waves shake the ground sideways |
|
|
Focus |
The place below the ground where an earthquake starts |
|
|
Epicentre |
He point in the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake |
|
|
Tsunami |
A huge wave in the ocean caused by an earthquake occurring on the seafloor |
|
|
Building designs |
Dampers- structures that move in opposition to the waves and oppose their effects. Base isolation- pads, strings and bearings that allow the building to surpress the waves by moving rather than vibrating with the Earth |
|
|
Why can volcanoes be found near the edges of converging plates? |
Collision of plates and subduction create weaknesses in the crust anf generates alot of heat. Magma rises up from those weaknesses |
|
|
Cause of an earthquake? |
Caused by rapid release of energy as the tectonic plates move. |
