Schneider 1:

Front 1

Ecology

Back 1

scientific study of the interactions btw organisms and their environments

relationships among organisms and their interaction with the environment

patterns and causes of the abundance and distribution of organisms

Front 2

Ecosystem

Back 2

biotic community and its abiotic components functioning as a system

Front 3

How do the organisms of an ecosystem relate?

Back 3

organismal -> population ecology -> community ecology -> ecosystem ecology & landscape ecology

Front 4

Climate

Back 4

average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time

Front 5

What are 4 abiotic factors that influence climate

Back 5

temperature, precipitation, wind, sunlight

Front 6

Global climate patterns are largely determined by? (2 things)

Back 6

input of solar energy , planet's movement in space

Front 7

warming effect of sun causes temp variations, which drive ____ and circulation of ______ and _____.

Back 7

evaporation, circulation of air and water

Front 8

soltices and equinoxes (diagram)

Back 8

Front 9

greatest annual input and least seasonal variation in solar radiation is in _______

Back 9

tropics

Front 10

Explain surface global air circulation

Back 10

Front 11

Tropics:

Trade winds

Back 11

winds blow from E to W

Front 12

Temperate:

Westerlies

Back 12

winds blow from W to E

Front 13

Precipitation is highest where?

Back 13

tropics/equatorial regions and declines as you move north to south

Front 14

Intertropical convergence zone

Back 14

ITCZ - where the northeasterly and south easterly trade winds meet (air mass piles up and warm humid air rises and cools, releasing water.

not stationary but migrates to region with warmest surface temp

Front 15

specific heat is lower on land or water?

Back 15

land

Front 16

ocean currents

Back 16

created by winds, the planet rotation, unequal heating of surface waters and the location and shapes of continents

Front 17

gyres

Back 17

great circular motions formed as the warm water moves away from the equator

Front 18

Biome

Back 18

environment that is defined by its climatic and geographic attributes

characterized by ecologically similar organisms

Front 19

Terrestrial biomes

Back 19

categorized by climate and plant life

Front 20

aquatic biomes

Back 20

primarily by their physical environment (freshwater vs marine)

Front 21

oceans cover ___% of earth's surface

Back 21

75%

Front 22

zonation of aquatic environments depend on what factors?

Back 22

depth, light penetration, distance from shore and position in pelagic benthic zone

Front 23

marine benthic zone

Back 23

seafloor below the surface waters of the coastal zone and the offshore pelagic zone.

organisms in abyssal zone are adapted to dark, cold, extreme high pressure

Front 24

bioluminescence

Back 24

chemical reaction that produces light

Front 25

_________ of aquatic biomes leads to seasonal turnover in the many temperate lakes

Back 25

stratifcation

Front 26

What are some examples of threats to habitats of aquatic biomes

Back 26

overfishing, bottom trolling, dumping of sewage and wastewater (pollution), invasive species, contamination, alteration of flow, development

Front 27

tropical forests (1st terrestrial biome)

Back 27

occur in warm, moist belt along the equator (hi temp year round)

Front 28

Tropical rainforests

Back 28

rainfall constant, most species rich and productive biome

Front 29

tropical dry forests

Back 29

seasonal precipitation, taller trees that lose leaves during long hot, dry season.

Front 30

Deserts (terrestrial biomes #2)

Back 30

low and unpredictable rainfall

Front 31

Tropical savannas (terrestrial biomes #3)

Back 31

drier tropical areas (some non tropical)

microenvironments of higher soil nutrients and moisture are found under tree canopies

support large diversity of herbivores that graze or browse the vegetation

large # of insects, carnivores, scavengers are also supported

Front 32

Chaparral (terr biome #4)

Back 32

shrubland with cool rainy winters and dry hot summers

adapted to periodic fires

animals include browsing deer, fruit eating birds, seed-eating rodents, lizards, snakes

Front 33

temperate grasslands (terr biome #5)

Back 33

found in interiors of the continents, where winters are cold

drought, fires and grazing animals prevent trees from growing; deep fertile soils

MIDWEST USA

Front 34

Coniferous forest (terr biome #6)

Back 34

taiga: long cold winters & relatively warm summers

favors evergreen trees

dominant animals: moose, hares, rodents, birds, insects.

LARGEST BIOME ON EARTH

Front 35

Temperate broadleaf forests (terr biome #7)

Back 35

cold winters and warm moist summers

found where there is sufficient moisture to support the growth of large trees

lots of tree species, permanent residents and migrant animals, some hibernate in burrows

Front 36

Tundra (terr biome #8)

Back 36

found in arctic and high elevations at all latitudes (alpine tundra)

treeless biome characterized by extreme cold, wind and permafrost

Front 37

arctic tundra

Back 37

lies between the taiga and permanently frozen polar regions

Front 38

what kinds of plants are in the tundra?

Back 38

photosynth 3 months of the year

erect leaves for complete interception of solar radiation and they photo synth during the 24 hour daylight periods.

most of the photosynthate goes into the production of new growth (roots)

Front 39

what kind of animals in tundra?

Back 39

herbivores (caribou, lemmings, arctic hares, musk oxen)

Carnivores (wolf, arctic fox, snowy owls)