Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Name four etiologies that cause schizophrenia
|
- Genetic
- Neurobiological - Socio-cultural - Other theories |
|
|
What are manifestations of CATATONIC schizophrenia?
|
Non movement (motor immobility)
Excessive motor activity Extreme negativism Peculiar movements Echolalia (repeating speech) or echopraxia (repeating movements) |
|
|
What are manifestations of PARANOID schizophrenia?
|
Delusions
-Persecutory -Grandiose -Hallucinations Anger Argumentativeness Violence |
|
|
What are manifestations of DISORGANIZED schizophrenia?
|
Fragmented delusions or hallucinations
Disorganized behavior -Odd behaviors ( mannerisms) -Extreme social withdrawal Disorganized speech Flat, inappropriate, or silly affect |
|
|
What are symptoms of UNDIFFERENTIATED schizophrenia?
|
Psychotic symptoms
Mixed schizophrenic symptoms |
|
|
What are manifestations of RESIDUAL schizophrenia?
|
Absence of prominent delusions/hallucinations
-Emotional blunting -Social withdrawal -Eccentric behavior -Illogical thinking -Loose associations |
|
|
Blunt affect
|
Reduced expression (only smiles a little to a joke)
|
|
|
Flat affect
|
Emotional impoverishment (no smile at all to a joke)
|
|
|
Inappropriate affect
|
Incongruence between emotions and situation (laughs at dog running over car)
|
|
|
When a schizophrenic patient who typically acts friendly to you now acts mean to you, what kind of affect is that?
|
Ambivalent Affect
|
|
|
What is the difference between how normal people and schizophrenic people experience illusions?
|
When normal people experience an illusions, they go away.
When schizophrenic people experience illusions, the illusions persist, thus becoming delusional. |
|
|
What characteristics should a nurse consider that may contribute to a person's schizophrenia?
|
Behavioral
Perceptual (delusions, hallucinations) Cognitive Social Culture Age Physiological |
|
|
How would a nurse assess a patient's schizophrenia?
|
What exacerbates schizophrenic episodes
If patient is not stable enough, you can gather information from family members History Physical assessment - Identify functional abilities and disabilities Individualized approach Trusting relationship |
|
|
What are negative symptoms?
|
Symptoms in which a person lacks normal capacities
|
|
|
Name some negative symptoms
|
Social withdrawal
Apathy Lack of motivation Emotional unresponsiveness |
|
|
What are positive symptoms?
|
Symptoms that people do not normally have
|
|
|
Name some positive symptoms
|
Delusions
Hallucinations Disordered thinking and speech |
|
|
Name some nursing interventions for schizophrenic patients
|
Understanding the meaning of client’s words and behavior
Reinforcing reality Promoting clarification Intervening in hallucinations Recognizing and accepting affect Role modeling Tolerance Social/Behavioral interventions Trust Approaching the client Encouraging independence Dealing with hostility |
|
|
What actions can a nurse perform to manage delusions?
|
Empathize with patient
Assess triggers (stress)and remove ones that exacerbate schizophrenia Respond to feelings Provide Diversional activities |
|
|
What is the major problem with antipsychotic drugs?
|
Have physical side effects that can compromise a patients welfare
|
|
|
Dystonic reactions
|
Abrupt onset of frightening muscle spasms in head and neck
Oculogyric crisis – eyes roll up in head Laryngospasm – spastic closure of larynx |
|
|
Akathasia
|
Syndrome characterized by unpleasant sensations of "inner" restlessness that manifests itself with an inability to sit still or remain motionless
|
|
|
Parkinsonism
|
Having Parkinson's like symptoms
-pill rolling -shuffled walk |
|
|
What are some major side effects of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?
|
High fever
Respiratory depression Increased heart rate Confused Delirious |
|
|
Tardrive Dyskinesia
|
Movements of the tongue, mouth, face and jaw
Puckering Chewing movements Involuntary movements |
|
|
Other major side effects with antipsychotic drugs
|
Photosensitivity
Weight gain Interference with sexual function |
|
|
Name major ANTICHOLINERGIC side effects from antipsychotics
|
Dry mouth
Constipation Urinary retention Blurry vision Memory difficulties Confusion |
|
|
What are the ADVANTAGES of conventional antipsychotic drugs?
|
Well known; proven effective for positive symptoms
Cause less weight gain and diabetes than novel drugs Some can be injected for gradual absorption (long lasting effects) |
|
|
Name some conventional antipsychotic drugs
|
Haldol Decanoate
Prolixin Decanoate |
|
|
What are the DISADVANTAGES of antipsychotic drugs?
|
Constipation
Dry mouth Blurred vision Dizziness Movement disorders (some have high incidence) Little effect on negative symptoms |
|
|
Clozapine (Clozaril) ADVANTAGES
|
May be most effective; especially for negative symptoms and cognitive deficiencies
Does not cause movement disorders May lower the risk of drug and alcohol abuse |
|
|
Clozapine DISADVANTAGES (Side effects)
|
Agranulocytosis (in at least 1% of patients)
- Problem with clozaril is that it can cause agranularcytosis causing low white blood cell count, thus increasing chances of infection, fever, etc. Drowsiness, dizziness, drooling Seizures (in 1-5% of patients) Muscle weakness Weight gain Diabetes Rapid withdrawal may lead to psychosis |
|
|
Risperidone (Risperdal) ADVANTAGES
|
Outperforms conventional drugs
No seizures or drooling Movement disorders uncommon |
|
|
Risperidone DISADVANTAGES (Side effects)
|
Dizziness
Drowsiness Dry mouth Rapid heartbeat Some movement disorders at high doses Weight gain Diabetes |
|
|
Olanzapine (Zyprexa) ADVANTAGES
|
Outperforms conventional drugs
Overall low rate of side effects No seizures or drooling Movement disorders uncommon Can be injected for gradual absorption (up to one month) |
|
|
Olanzapine DISADVANTAGES
|
Dizziness
Drowsiness Dry mouth Substantial weight gain Diabetes |
|
|
Quetiapine (Seroquel) ADVANTAGES
|
Similar to Risperidone and Olanzapine, but little risk of dry mouth or dizziness
|
|
|
Quetiapine DISAVANTAGES (Side effects)
|
Drowsiness
Substantial weight gain Diabetes Occasional movement disorders Cataracts reported in animals given high doses |
|
|
Ziprasidone (Geodon) ADVANTAGES
|
No movement disorders
Apparently little weight gain May be helpful for depression and anxiety |
|
|
Ziprasidone DISADVANTAGES (Side effects)
|
headaches
Nausea Drowsiness Dizziness Rash Can slow electrical conduction through the heart |
|
|
What is the biggest side effect should a nurse watch out for with patients on Geodon?
|
Cardiac issues
|
|
|
What nursing implications are considered in antiparkinsonian agents?
|
Safe environment
Therapeutic communication Promote socialization Reduce anxiety Teaching Disease process Medication compliance Self care |
|
|
What medication can be used to treat dystonia reactions that come from antipsychotic drugs?
|
Benadryl
|
