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166 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acute angle
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an angle that has a measure greater than 0* and less than 90*
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acute triangle
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a triangle in which each of the three angles measures less than 90*
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addend
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a number that is added in an addition problem
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addition sequence
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an ordered list of numbers in which the same number is added to the previous term to get the following term
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algebraic addition
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the addition of the opposite of a number; used to replace subtraction
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a.m.
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before noon (ante meridiem)
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angle
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an opening between two intersecting lines, rays, or segments
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Arabic numerals
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the digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, and 9) used in combination with place value to express numbers. For example, 475 is an Arabic numeral.
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area
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the number of square units of a given size that cover the surface of a figure
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average
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the amount found by dividing the sum of a set of numbers by the number of numbers in the set, also known as arithmetic average or mean
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base
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in a triangle or parallelogram, the side from which the height of the triangle or parallelogram is measured
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Celsius scale
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one of the scales used on a thermometer to measure temperature. on this scale, water boils at 100*C and freezes at 0*C. normal body temperature is 37*C
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century
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one hundred years
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chance
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the likelihood that something will happen, expressed as a percentage
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circle
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a round graph in which every point on the graph is the same distance from a center point
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circumference
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the distance around a circle, also known as the perimeter of a circle
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common number
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a number shared by two or more sets, as in common factor, common multiple and common denominator
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compare
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to determine whether one number or expression is greater than, less than, or equal to another number or expression
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compass
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a tool that aids in the drawing of circles, as well as in other geometric applications
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composite
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a number that has more than two factors
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cone
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a three-dimensional solid with a circular base and a single vertex
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congruent
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a set of figures that have the same shape and size. also, angles or line segments that have the same measure
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coordinate plane
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a graph of two perpendicular number lines that have scale marks extended to form a grid on which to plot points
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coordinates
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a paired set of numbers like (3, -2) that indicates the location of a point on a coordinate plane. the first number shows the horizontal direction and distance from the origin (on the x-axis); the second number shows the vertical direction and distance from the origin (on the y-axis)
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counting numbers
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the numbers in this sequence: 1,2,3,4,5,....
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cross products
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the result of taking a pair of fractions and multiplying the numerator of the first fraction by the denominator of the second fraction and vice versa
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cube
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a three-dimensional solid with six square faces. adjacent faces are perpendicular, and opposite faces are parallel
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cylinder
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a three-dimensional solid with two circular bases, that are opposite and parallel to each other
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decade
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ten years
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decimal places
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all of the place values to the right of the decimal point
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decimal point
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a period used to separate the ones' place from the tenths' place
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degree (*)
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the unit used to measure angles. also, the symbol used to denote unit divisions on a temperature scale
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denominator
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the bottom number of a fraction, designating the number of equal parts in a whole number
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diameter
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the distance across a circle throught the center of the circle
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difference
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the result of subtraction
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digit
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any one of the following ten numerical symbols: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
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dividend
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the number that is divided in a division problem
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divisible
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the ability to be divided without a remainer; for example 6 is divisible by 1,2,3, and 6
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divisor
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the number by which another number is divided
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edge
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a line at which two faces of a solid come together
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endpoints
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the points at which a line segment ends
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equals sign (=)
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a symbol that indicated that two numbers or expressions are equivalent
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equilateral triangle
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a triangle in which all three sides and all three angles are equal in measure
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equivalent
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expressions that have the same value; for example, 2/4 is equivalent to 1/2, or
2/4 = 1/2 |
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estimate
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to roughly determine a size or value; to calculate approzimately using rounded numbers
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even numbers
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those numbers that can be divided by 2 without a remainer. the digit in the ones' place of an even number is 0,2,4,6, or 8
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experimental probability
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the probability of an event occurring as determined by data collection
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exponent
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a number that indicates repeated multiplication of the base. for example, in 5 to the 2nd, 2 is the exponent and 5 is the base, and this means 5 x 5, or 25
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face
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a flat surface of a solid
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fact families
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sets of three numbers which can be formed into two addition facts and two subtraction facts, or two muliplication facts and two division facts
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factor
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a number being multiplied. also, a whole number which divides another whole number without a remainer
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Fahrenheit scale
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one of the scales, used on a thermometer to measure temperature. on this scale, water boils at 212*F and freezes at 32*F. normal body temperature is 98.6*F
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fraction
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a common fraction is part of a whole, expressed as a numerator over a denominator
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geometry
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the study of shapes
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graph
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a diagram such as a bar graph, a circle graph (pie chart), or a line graph that displays quantitative information
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greater than/less than sign (< >)
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a symbol placed between two numbers or expressions to indicate which is greater or which is less
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greatest common factor (GCF)
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the largest whole number that is a factor of all members of a given set of whole numbers
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height
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in a triangle or parallelogram, the perpendicular distance from the base to the opposite vertex of a trianle or from the base to the parallel side of a parallelogram
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hexagon
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any six-sided polygon
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histogram
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a special type of bar graph that displays data in equivalent intervals with no space between the bars
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horizontal
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parallel with the horizon; perpendicular to vertical
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hundredths' place
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the place value two places to the right of the decimal point. each hundredth equals 1/100
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improper fraction
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a fraction in which the numerator is equal to or greater than the denominator; a fraction that is equal to or greater than one
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integers
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the set of numbers that includes all the counting numbers, their opposites, and zero
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intersecting lines
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lines that cross; lines which share a common point
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irrational number
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a number that cannot be expressed as a fraction. examples are ∏ and √2
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isosceles triangle
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a triangle in which at least two of the three sides and angles are equal in measure
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length
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a longer side of a rectangle
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least common multiple (LCM)
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the smallest number that is a multiple of a given set of whole numbers
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line
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a continuous string of points extending in two opposite directions without end
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line of symmetry
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a line that divides a figure into two mirror images
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mass
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the amount of matter in an object
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mean
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the average of a set of numbers
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median
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in a set of numbers arranged in order from least to greatest, the middle number, or the average of the two middle numbers
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metric system
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an international system of measure based on multiples of ten using units such as meters, liters, and grams
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mixed numbers
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an expression made up of a whole number and a fraction, such as 2 3/4
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mode
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the most frequently occurring number or numbers in a set of numbers
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mulitple
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a number found by multiplying a given number by a whole number greater than zero; for example, the multiples of 5 are 5,10,15,20,....
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multiplication sequence
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an ordered list of numbers in which the same number is multiplied by the previous term to get the following term
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negative
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a number less than zero; the opposite of positive
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noon
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midday; 12:00 p.m.
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number line
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a line with evenly spaced marks on which a number is associated with each mark
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numeral
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a written symbol for a number
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numerator
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the top number of a fraction, designating the number of parts being used
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oblique
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slanted, sloped, or inclined lines; neither horizontal nor vertical; neither parallel nor perpendicular
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obtuse angle
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an angle that has a measure greater than 90* but less than 180*
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obtuse triangle
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a triangle in which one angle measures greater than 90*
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octagon
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any eight-sided polygon
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odd numbers
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those numbers that have a remainder of 1 when divided by 2. the digit in the ones' place of an odd number is 1,3,5,7, or 9
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operation of arithmetic
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mathematical processes performed according to specific rules. these processes are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
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opposites
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those numbers that can be written with the same digits but with opposite signs. for example, the opposite of 5 is -5. the sum of a number and its opposite is zero
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origin
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the point (0,0) on a cordinate plane at which the x-axis and y-axis intersect
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parallel
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lines, rays, or segments that remain the same distance apart and do not intersect
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parallelogram
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a quadrilateral that has two pairs of parallel sides
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pentagon
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a five-sided polygon
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percent
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a fraction with the denominator 100 expressed with a percent sign, %. for example, 99% = 99/100
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perfect square
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a number that has as its square root a whole number. examples of perfect squares are 1, 4, and 9
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perimeter
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the distance around a shape
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perpendicular
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lines, rays, or segments that intersect to form right angles
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pi (∏)
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the Greek letter that stands for the number of diamteters in a circulference (approximately equal to 3.14)
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place value
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the value of a digit determined by its position within a numeral
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p.m.
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after noon (post meridiem)
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polygon
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any straight-sided closed plane figure
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polyhedron
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a solid figure on which every face is a polygon
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positive
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a number grater than zero; the opposite of negative
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prime
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a counting number that has exactly two factors, the number 1 and itself
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prime factorization
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the breakdown of a counting number by writing it as a product of its prime factors
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prism
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a three-dimensional solid that has two congruent, parallel polygons as its base
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probability
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the likelihood that something will happen expressed as a ratio
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product
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the result of multiplying
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proper fraction
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a fraction in which the numerator is less than the denominator
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proportion
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a true statement that dmonstrates two rations are equivalent
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protractor
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a tool that is used to measure and draw angles
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pyramid
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a three-dimensional solid with a polygon as its base and triangular sides that meet at a vertex
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quadrilateral
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any four-sided polygon
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quotient
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the result of division
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radius
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the distance from the center of a circle. the plural of radius is radii
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range
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the difference between the greatest and the least in a set of numbers
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ratio
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an expression of the relationship between two numbers using a colon, a fraction, or words, such as 3:2, 3/2, or 3 to 2
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ray
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the portion of a line that begins at one point and continues without end
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reciprocal
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the fraction resulting from inverting a given fraction (reversing the numerator and denominator). the product of a fraction and its reciprocal is one
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rectangle
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a four-sided polygon that has four right angles
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rectangular prism
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a prism with rectangles as bases
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rectangular solid
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a three-dimensional solid where all six faces are rectangles. opposite faces are parallel and adjacent faces are perpendicular
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reduce
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to divide a fraction by another fraction equal to 1 in order to form an equivalent fraction in which both the numerator and denominator have lesser values. for example, 2/4 reduces to 1/2
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reflection
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a transformation performed by reflecting a figure as in a mirror or flipping a figure over a certain line
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regular polygon
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a polygon in which all sides and angles are equal in measure
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remainder
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in subtraction, the difference; in division, any number that is left over after dividing integers
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rhombus
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a parallelogram that has sides of equal length
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right angle
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a square angle, often marked with a square, that has a measure of 90*
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right triangle
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a triangle in which one angle measures 90*
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Roman numerals
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an ancient form of numbering that does not use place value; for example II is a Roman numeral equivalent to the Arabic numeral 2
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rotaion
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a transformation performed by turning a figure about a certain point
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rounding
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finding another number that is near the number given; for example, 587 rounds to 600
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sales tax
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the tax charged on the sale of an item based upon the selling price
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scale
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a system of marks at regular intervals used for measurement. also, an instrument that displays such marks
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scalene triangle
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a triangle in which all three sides and all three angles are not equal in measure
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segment
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a part of a line that has two endpoints
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sequence
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an ordered list of numbers that follows a certain rule
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side
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a line segment of a polygon; the number of sides indicates the type of polygon
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similar
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a set of figures or angles that are the same shape but not necessarily the same size
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solid
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a geometric shape that occupies space
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sphere
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a smooth geometric solid that is shaped like a ball
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square
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a rectangle in which all sides are the same length
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square root
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a number that, when multiplied by itself, equals the given number. the square root of 49 is 7 because 7 ∙ 7 = 49. the principal of the positive square root of a number is indicated by this symbol, √
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straight angle
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an angle that forms a straight line and has a measure of 180*
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sum
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the result of addition
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surface area
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the total area of all of the surfaces of a geometric solid
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survey
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a method of collecting data about a particular population
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tenths' place
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the place value one place to the right of the decimal point. each tenth equals 1/10
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theoretical probability
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the probability of an event occurring as determined by analysis rather than by experimentation
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thousandths' place
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the place value three places to the right of the decimal point. each thousandth equals 1/1000
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transformation
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any of the three forms of movement (rotation, reflection, and translation) made to reposition a figure
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translation
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a transformation performed by sliding a figure in one direction without turning the figure
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trapezium
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a quadrilateral in which no sides are parallel
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trapezoid
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a quadrilateral in which one pair of sides are parallel
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triangle
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a polygon that has three sides and three angles, the sum of which measure 180*
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unit multiplier
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a fraction equal to one, written with two different but equivalent units of measure; for example, 1 ft/12 in is a unit multiplier
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U.S.Customary System
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a U.S. system of measure using units such as fee, gallons and pounds
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vertex
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the point at which two sides of a polygon or three or more edges of a polyhedron intersect. the plural of vertex is vertices. note that a cone also has a vertex. this vertex is not made from the intersection of edges, but rather the intersection of the lines that would make up the non-base surface of the cone
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vertical
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upright; perpendicular to horizontal
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volume
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the amount of space a given shape occupies
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whole numbers
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all the counting numbers and zero, as in the sequence: 0,1,2,3,4,....
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width
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a shorter side of a rectangle
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x-axis
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the horizontal number line of the coordinate plane
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y-axis
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the vertical number line of the coordinate plane
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