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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is real?
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Sensation- Converting the stimulus (smell, sound, etc) as it arrives at receptors in the ears, eyes, or mouth into neural impulses
· Perception- Processing, comparing, and interpreting sensory stimuli to give them meaning · Both work together to interpret the environment |
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Synesthesia
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boundaries between the senses break down
o Ex. “the taste of beef, such as a steak, produces a rich blue” o “Guitar music brushes softly against her ankles” o “Buttered toast is rough but not pointy; and if it has jelly on it then the points are round” o FMRI has shown that when playing music for individuals who report the previous phenomenon, their auditory AND visual cortex become active o Only auditory cortex becomes active for “normals” |
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BlindSight
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damage to visual cortex; people are able to see, but are unaware of their ability
o Assessed with task in which individuals are asked to locate visual stimuli that they believe they can not see o People who went blind can see in dreams o People who have always been blind don’t know |
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Phantom Limb Pain
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First described in 16th century
o 1866: first report accepted by medical field o Term coined by John Hughlings Jackson in 1884 o The incidence of phantom limb pain varies widely (2%-97%) o However 94%-100% of amputees report sensing a phantom o VS Ramachandran (1998) Phantoms in the Brain o People can “wiggle each finger”, “reach out”, and “grab” with the missing arm |
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Mirror Box
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Used to alleviate phantom pain
o Reflection of present limb appears to be missing limb o Can work out complaints |
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The Senses
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Vision (seeing)
o Audition (hearing) o Somatosensation (touching) § Pressure § Temperature § Pain § Body Position o Olfaction (smelling) o Gustation (tasting) |
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Energy Transduction
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Energy from the environment must be converted (transduced) into nerve firing by specialized receptor cells
o Different receptors from different senses take in information differently |
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Sensation
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Bottom-up Processing
o Analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information o Top-Down Processing o Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes o Construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations o EX: “I just watched a horror movie, it must be an axe murderer!” |
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Signal Detection Theory
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Predicts how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise)
o Assumes that there is no single absolute threshold o Detection depends partly on person’s § Experience § Expectations § Motivation § Level of fatigue |
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Selective Attention
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o Focus awareness on one stimulus
o “The Cocktail Party Effect” |
