Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How old is the earth? |
4.6 bya |
|
|
How fast does the earth orbit the sun? |
66,000 mph |
|
|
How fast does the sun orbit the galaxy? |
500,000 mph |
|
|
What is science? |
It’s a process |
|
|
What is going on tectonically with Africa? |
Continental collision with Africa subduction under Eurasia And a whole lot more as transform faults and spreading centers get caught up in the system |
|
|
Where can we find an area where convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries are in close proximity? |
Middle East Area: African and Arabian Plate pushing into the Eurasian Plate |
|
|
Subduction in Middle East |
• Arabian Plate is subducting UNDER the Eurasian Plate so that Saudi Arabia is moving northward into Iran. -That is why there are large mountains and a lot of EQs in the area |
|
|
Transform Faults |
River Jordan and the Dead Sea are Locations of a major terrestrial TRANSFORM FAULT. It's like their version of California's San Andreas Fault |
|
|
Q: What happens when two continental plates collide? |
A: Example is India "crashing" into the Eurasian Plate forming the Himalayas |
|
|
Where is the divergent plate boundary in Africa? |
Back (Definition) |
|
|
Do divergent margins appear on land? |
East African rift valley |
|
|
Does California have a rift valley? |
A: Yes- most geologist agree that the Imperial Valley area of California is an active extension of the rift-valley found under the Gulf of California (Mexico) |
|
|
California geomorphic provinces |
Back (Definition) |
|
|
Rotation of the transverse ranges |
• Rotation of the Transverse Ranges; evidence: 1. The obvious one - They look out of alignment with most of the other ranges in the by about 90 to 110 degrees. 2. Paleomagnetic data shows at least 90 to 110 degree rotation. 3. Poway Conglomerate is in San Diego and near western end of Transverse range. It's a distinctive volcaniclastic conglomerate with source area found in Mexico, deposits in San Diego and probable deposits found in the channel Islands - Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands (Atwater, UCSB) |
|
|
Is Los Angeles moving? |
Yes! It’s heading toward San Francisco |
|
|
Glacial erratics |
Rocks carried by glaciers and left behind when glaciers melted |
|
|
Roof pendent |
“Roof” rock dropping into the emplaced granitic-composition magma Some can be huge Metamorphic rocks “where they appear to represent the rocks that were originally the top or roof of the magma chamber” Found in Sierra Nevada range |
|
|
Does California have all 3 types of plate margins? |
Yes! |
|
|
Are oceanic rocks young? |
Yes they are younger than continental rocks |
|
|
Is the Pacific Ocean shrinking? |
Yes! Due to subduction. Since Mesozoic subduction has been controlling factor in western North America |
|
|
Anticline |
Back (Definition) |
|
|
Syncline |
Back (Definition) |
|
|
Who is Marie Tharp? |
She was a scientist whose work wasn’t recognized. Suggested the idea of a rift valley in the Atlantic Ocean |
|
|
How are the Himalayas formed? |
When continental plates collide |
|
|
How does the height of California mt. Whitney compare to the height of the Tibetan plateau? |
Tibetan plateau- 14,800ft Mt Whitney- 14,505 |
|
|
What does the Dead Sea have in common with California’s saltón sea? |
Transform faults under Dead Sea |
|
|
What era was the saf created |
Cenozoic era |
|
|
Transpression |
Bend creates compression and builds mountains |
|
|
Transtension |
Bend creates a pull apart and creates basin |
|
|
Does the San Andreas fault have a bend? |
Yes! |
|
|
Did a lot of oil and gas accumulate in the LA basin? |
Yes! |
|
|
Is there a lot of sediment accumulated under the LA basin? |
Yes! Siliceous sediment mostly diatomite and very thick |
|
|
What sort of tectonic environment is the LA basin located with? |
One of the most tectonically active parts in the world and conpressional |
|
|
Sierra Nevada range |
• The Sierra Nevada Range exists because of Mesozoic subduction that generated overlying andesitic volcanos rooted in upward moving, partial-melt magmas. The volcanoes appeared to have ceased activity and then were eroded. Batholiths formed under the volcanos had been tectonically uplifted during the Cenozoic. Erosion of the overlying rocks reveal the granitic batholiths that we see today. Complicated structural relationships juxtapose other lithologies against portions of the Sierra Nevada - so, it's more complicated than being portrayed here. |
|
|
Sierra batholith |
It is a large complex of cooled magma chambers that once fed a chain of volcanoes above them |
|
|
Are the rocks plutonic rocks in the sierra’s really “granites”? |
No so we call them granitic |
|
|
Sides of the Sierra nevada |
The east side is the steep side and is fault bounded The west side is gently sloping to the top |
|
|
We’re all of the Sierra Nevada mountains emplaced at the same time from north to south? |
No! It took a lot of geological time! |
|
|
If you were visiting Greg sierras what sort of features could you tell that the area used to have glaciers? |
Classic “U” Shaped Valley |
|
|
When was the gold rush and what happened? |
Gold was discovered in the Sierras in 1848 which brought the "49ers" and that group upended the social structure of California - Miner's practice of diverting water and using hydraulic mining affected future water law/policy and hydraulic mining was incredibly destructive to the environment. |
|
|
Where does the north end of the San Andreas fault go? |
Offshore from Mendocino |
|
|
Where can we go today to observe major forearc basin dynamics and development? |
Alaska |
|
|
What are the sutter buttes? |
Big volcanic feature sitting in the middle of the north valley Found near the north end of the Central Valley |
|
|
How deep is the sediment in the deepest portions of the Central Valley? |
50,000-60,000feet |
|
|
Where do the Central Valley rovers eventually drain out to the ocean? |
Rivera drain the CV through the SF Bay |
|
|
Lack of Valley drainage |
Salt is building up in the valley soils and forcing Ag to remove acerage from production |
|
|
Focus |
"Point of original rupture" or this is where the fault broke first and began the EQ. Also known as "hypocenter." |
|
|
Tsunami |
issues with a rapid volume displacement on the ocean floor, usually (but not always) start with an Earthquake (EQ) Seismic generated sea wave |
|
|
Epicenter |
"The Point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus." |
|
|
P waves |
P Waves: "Primary" Waves Fastest (goes about 1.7 X faster than S waves) and first-arriving wave. • "Push/Pull" motion Makes noise - EOs make noise! Run Sophie Run |
|
|
S wave |
• S Waves: "Secondary" Waves Slower than P Waves (goes about 60% the speed of a P wavel and secand-arriving wave Propagates by sidewise motion at right angles to travel-moves sort of like a snake |
|
|
Death toll from banda aceh, Indonesia in 2004 |
230,00+ people |
|
|
Death toll from tohuku Japan also known as Fukushima earthy |
16,000 dead and 2,500 still missing |
|
|
How old are natural diamonds we see in jewelry? |
1-3 bya |
|
|
Ice-core chronology |
Chronologies back 700,00+ years |
|
|
The San Andreas fault system |
This area has been locked and should be troubling The south end runs home to a divergent margin (gulf of California) |
|
|
Basin and range |
It’s extensional |
|
|
Does California have a rift valley? |
Yes the imperial valley |
|
|
Where to find a lot of volcanoes |
Chile |
