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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Routing Loops |
- This occurs when static or dynamic routing is incorrectly configured - This can be identified by a trace route utility - If packets hit the same router more then once then is a good sign of a loop - A packet will bounce between two or more routers until the TTL Expires |
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Routing Tables |
- Routers maintain the routing tables - Tables contain information about networks directly attached to the router - Contains entries to tell the router how to get to all the subnets or classful networks - Routers have a default route when it does not know where to route a packet - Routers share routing tables |
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Dynamic and Static Routes |
- Static route: Uses routes manually placed into the router - Dynamic Route: Uses a route that a network routing protocol adjusts automatically for topology or traffic changes |
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Dynamic Routing Protocols |
OSPF: Open Shortest Path First. This is scalable, and followed IETF IS-IS: Intermediate System to Intermediate System. Unpopular due to hard to work with RIP: Routing Information Protocol. Slow to Converge BGP: Border Gateway Protocol. This is the internet Protocol |
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Hybrid Routing Protocol |
Distance Vector: Determines the direction and distance to any link in the internetwork Link State: Also known as the shortest path first (SPF). Creates an abstraction or exact topology of the entire internetwork |
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Distance Vector Protocols |
- Simpler and takes less overhead than link state protocols - Do take longer to copy routing tables as this sends the whole table instead of changes |
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Hybrid routing protocols (EGP) |
- Exterior Gateway Protocol and routing protocol used to exchange routing information between Autonomous Systems - BGP is the only current EGP protocol |
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Link State Routing Protocols (OSPF, ISIS) |
- OSPF and ISIS are both Links State Routing Protocols - Only sends triggered updates, including link state data - Uses Multicast propagation - They also bind a cost to each link, to find the most cost effective pathway |
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Route Summarization |
- Also known as route aggregation - A entry in a routing table that represents more then one entry in a routing table - Used to reduce the size of routing tables |
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Route Redistribution |
- Involves placing routes learned from one routing domain such as RIPv2 into another routing domain using another routing protocol like OSPF |
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Autonomous System Numbering (ASN) |
- ASs are a collection of routers under a single technical administration - Uses internal gateway protocol and other metrics to determine how to route packets within the AS - Uses inter-AS routing protocols to determine how to route packets to other ASs - ASNs are drawn from 16 bit number fields |
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Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) |
- IGP routes inside of AS's Fast, and easier to setup Low Admin Influence - EGP routes between AS's Slower and harder to setup High Admin influences |
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Route Availability |
- High Availability - A First hop router redundancy protocol to provide redundancy for a default gateway - Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) - Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) |
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Router Metrics |
Hops: Number of stops a packet must take until reaching its destination MTU: Maximum Transmission Unit, is the max size of a packet that a route can take Costs: Efficiency of a router, is divided by 100,000,000 by the link speed Latency: Time it takes for a packet to traverse the route to reach its destination Administrative Distance: Used to select the best path Shortest Path Bridging (SPB): Simplifies the creation and config of networks, enables multipath routing |
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Router Metrics... (Continued) |
Administrative Distance: Used to select the best path Shortest Path Bridging (SPB): Simplifies the creation and config of networks, enables multipath routing |
