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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are six facts about minerals? |
1. They naturally occur in nature, and are not man made.
2. It is Inorganic (not alive, never living).
3. They are Crystalline solids they have regular, repeating geometric shape based on the chemical bonds.
4. They have a defined chemical compound.
5. They are simpler than rocks.
6. Each mineral has specific properties as a result of it’s chemical properties. |
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What is the most common mineral in the Earth's crust? |
Quartz, (SiO4) is the most common mineral in the Earth’s crust. |
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What is a "streak", and how is it found? |
A streak is the color of the powdered form of the mineral. It is found using a “streak plate”. |
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What is "cleavage"? |
Cleavage is when a mineral breaks (or “cleaves”) along lines in the crystal structure. |
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What is a fracture? |
A fracture is when a mineral breaks in a random manner. |
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What are the softest and hardest items on Moh's scale of hardness? |
Softest: Talc | Hardest: Diamond |
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What is the most common mineral on Earth? |
Basalt is the most common mineral on earth. |
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What is a rock? |
A solid inorganic naturally occurring mixture of minerals. |
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Is quartz a rock? |
No. |
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What are the three rock type classifications? |
Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic.
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What are the sub-classifications of the Igneous rock classification? |
Intrusive (formed under ground) and Extrusive (formed above ground). |
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What are the sub-classifications of the Sedimentary rock classification? |
Clastic, Chemical, and Organic. |
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What are the sub-classifications of the Metamorphic rock classification? |
Foliated (lines), and Non-Foliated (no lines) |
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List the items from least to greatest on Moh's scale of hardness.
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How are rocks classified? |
By how they form. |
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What is a mineral? |
A naturally occurring inorganic crystalline solid with a definite chemical composition. |
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What is a crystal? |
An inorganic solid whose molecules or atoms are arranged in ordered, repeating, three dimensional shapes. |
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What is color? |
A physical property of minerals which describes the wavelength of light reflected off the surface of a mineral. ( not very reliable for identification) |
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What is streak? |
A physical property of minerals which describes the color of the powdered form of the mineral on a porcelain streak plate. (More reliable than color for identification) |
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What is hardness? |
A physical property of minerals which describes the resistance to scratching. |
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What is Moh's scale of hardness? |
Moh's scale of hardness is a scale that describes a mineral’s resistance to scratching and is based on a scale of 1-10 with 1 being softest (talc) and 10 being the hardest (diamond) |
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What is luster? |
A physical property of minerals which describes how light reflects off of a mineral ie: metallic or nonmetallic. |
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What is the rock cycle? |
A series of processes by which rocks can change from one type to another. |
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What are organic sedimentary rocks? |
Rocks formed from the remains of living things. (Coal, Fossil limestone) |
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What are chemical sedimentary rocks? |
Rocks formed from evaporation or crystallization of solutions containing soluble minerals. (Halite, Limestone, Gypsum). |
