Robs Plaatjes Uit De Oude Doos

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MD: Trachea, bronchi: granulomatous tracheobronchitis, multifocal to coalescing, severe, chronic
Agent: Oslerus osleri

The nodules are called brood nodules.
Thomson’s: Occurs worldwide. Most common respiratory nematode of dogs. At tracheal bifurcation. As long as the parasites are alive: a mild mononuclear cell reaction. When they die: intense foreign body reaction with neutrophils and giant cells.
Jubb: The thin-walled embryonated eggs are coughed up and swallowed and many hatch before being passed as infective larvae in the feces. Unlike other metastrongyles, the Filaroididae do not require an intermediate host. The first-stage larvae of O. osleri are immediately infective, and pups are infected by ingestion of larvae in the saliva, tracheobronchial secretions, or feces of their dams. Larvae migrate from the gut through the blood to the lung.

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MD: penis: granulomatous and ulcerative balanoposthitis, multifocal to coalescing, extensive, chronic
Etiology: Habronema sp.
Jubb: Balanoposthitis is an uncommon lesion in the stallion but occurs in dourine, caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum and in cutaneous habronemiasis. In cutaneous habronemiasis aka "genital bursatti" and "summer sores," the verminous lesions may also be present on other parts of the body. The lesions are elevated, ulcerated, fungating, and very liable to hemorrhage; they consist of exuberant fibrous tissue enclosing few or
many larvae of Habronema spp. and may be sufficiently large to cause paraphimosis.There is very dense infiltration by eosinophils, and these accumulate as small eosinophilic abscesses about immobilized and dead larvae. They may be discernible with the unaided eye as small
yellow loci on the cut surface.The lesion develops during the summer
months. These larvae very often infect squamous cell carcinomas, and all
"summer sore" lesions should be examined with this in mind. Geldings develop a nonspecific posthitis with accumulation of smegma and detritus, presumably because of reduced penile extrusion.

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MD: Kidney: chronic granulomatous nephritis, bilateral, multifocal to coalescing
Et: Halicephalobus gingivalis
other: proliferative granulomas of the mandibular gingiva as well as bone, skin, kidney, central nervous system, mammary gland, and eye of horses. (Jubb)
Jubb: a saprophagous nematode that produces granulomatous masses in the nasal cavity of horses and is occasionally responsible for cerebral vasculitis and hemorrhagic necrosis, also localizes in the kidney. Renal infections are characterized by multifocal to coalescing granulomas containing numerous larval and adult rhabditiform nematodes plus occasional embryonated eggs; the cream-colored renal masses may resemble neoplasms macroscopically.
(Weird: males have not been found in tissues)

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MD: Liver: multifocal to coalescing cholangiohepatitis, severe, necrotizing, with fibrosis
Agent : Fascioloides magna
color: iron-porphyrin pigment
Jubb: parasite of Ru lives in the hepatic parenchyma, not in the bile ducts, although in tolerant hosts, Cervidae, the cysts in which it localizes communicate with the bile ducts to provide exit for ova and excrement. The cysts, 2-5 cm in diameter, are remarkable for the large deposits of jet black, sooty iron-porphyrin pigment. Pass from the liver to the lungs of cattle, to produce lesions of similar character. In sheep, this parasite wanders continuously in the liver - even a few parasites may kill a sheep.

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MD: Placenta: multifocal necrotizing placentitis
ED: protozoal placentitis, toxoplasmosis
Cornell: The multifocal, 1 -2 mm, white areas of necrosis in the cotyledon and some necrosis scattered in the edematous placenta around it are characteristic for this toxoplasmosis infection.

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MD: Scapula and humerus: diffuse black to purplish brown discoloration of bone
ND: Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP)
Jubb: Enzyme defect in Su and Fe unknown. In Bo: Deficiency uroporphyrin III cosynthetase → accumulation of uroporphyrin I and coproporphyrin I in blood, bone, teeth. Fluorescent. Photodynamic dermatitis. DDx protoporphyria (deficiency in mitochondrial enzyme ferrochelatase) photosensitivity but no discoloration of bone or teeth.

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MD: lung: multifocal pulmonary hemorrhages, extensive.
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is a calicivirus Pathology of lab rodents 3rd: blood-stained nasal discharge, pulmonary hemorrhage and edema, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly,
perirenal hemorrhage, and serosal ecchymoses on areas such as pericardium and intestine. Histo: necrosis of hepatocytes with striking dissociation of hepatic cords. Crypt necrosis occurs in areas of the small intestine. Pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, and necrosis of lymphocytes in splenic follicles and lymph nodes. Fibrin thrombi in small vessels of multiple organs.

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MD: Abomasum, mucosa: multifocal granulomatous abomasitis, moderate
Agent: Ostertagia sp.
Thomson’s: In sheep and goats the most common species is Ostertagia circumcincta, and in cattle it is Ostertagia ostertagia.

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MD: dorsal skin: congenital melanoma
In the middle of the back on the left side of this baby Duroc pig, is a 2.5 cm. dark black mass protruding from the skin.
Although these tumors can be seen in pigs of other breeds, it appears that the Duroc is one of the more commonly affected breeds
(See also Noah’s Arkive F03301: congenital metastatic melanoma)

N.B. gebruik woord "congenital"

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MD: spinal cord: syringomyelia and compression of spinal cord
Thomson’s: Syringomyelia is defined as a tubular cavitation (syrinx) in the spinal cord not lined by ependyma, but separate from the central canal. The syrinx can communicate with the central canal but should not be confused with hydromyelia, which means dilatation of the central canal.

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MD: Haired skin, subcutis: multifocal nodular granulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis with intralesional larvae
Agent: Hypoderma spp. larval maggots
Thomson’s: Penetrate the skin, migrate proximally. After weeks to months, first-stage larvae reach the esophagus (H. lineatum) or vertebral canal (H. bovis) where they grow to become second-stage larvae, and then migrate to the subcutis of the back where they become established in subcutaneous nodules.

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MD: Lung: multifocal locally extensive chronic granulomatous and caseating pneumonia
ND: tuberculosis

N.B. gebruik term "caseating". Dat is nou echt HET woord voor TBC (en voor geen enkele andere ziekte)

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Cat. ND + Cz

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ND: Feline ischemic encephalopathy
CZ: Aberrant migration of cuterebra larvae, ischemic lesions results from toxin induced vasospasm. In this case, unilateral affection of middle cerebral artery. Milder lesions occur in superficial cortical laminae as multiple foci. More severe lesions tend to be in the distribution area of middle cerebral artery, and may be bilateral, but asymmetrical.

Jubb says the same:
Feline ischemic encephalopathy is recognized in mature cats, and results from aberrant migration of Cuterebra larvae in the brain. While larval migration tracks may be present, the ischemic lesions may be the result of toxin-induced vasospasm. The extent and distribution of degeneration vary from case to case. Milder lesions occur
in superficial cortical laminae as multiple loci. More severe or extensive lesions tend to be in the distribution area of the middle cerebral artery and may be bilateral but asymmetrical (Fig 3.53). In some cases, there may be ischemic lesions in the brain stem.

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Lamb.
ND + Cz

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Swayback/Enzootic ataxia
Cause: Copper deficiency
Lesion: Bilaterally symmetrical cavitation of cerebral white matter
Copper is required for catalytic activity of enzymes essential for neural function like tyrosinase, cytochrome oxidase for electron transport, Copper/Zinc superoxide dismutase for antioxidant activity, ceruloplasmin.

Note (from Jubb): Some lambs with congenital swayback have an extensive structural, lesion grossly evident in the cerebral white matter […] bilateral and symmetrical
gelatinous softening or cavitation […].
Although lambs with delayed swayback do not have lytic lesions in the cerebral white matter, they consistently have changes in both gray and white matter in other parts of the neuraxis. Extensive Wallerian degeneration is concentrated in dorsolateral and ventromedial tracts (dat geeft dus een V-vorm → Vertraagde vorm van swayback) throughout the spinal cord. The pattern of tract degeneration is suggestive of a distal axonopathy.

Associated lesions: "steely wool," osteoporosis, and hypopigmentation of black wool

Front 15

2.5 months old lamb.
MDx + Et

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Focal bilaterally symmetrical encephalomalacia
Cause: Clostridium perfringens type D (epsilon toxin)
Commonest pattern involves
basal ganglia
internal capsule
dorsolateral thalamus
substantia nigra
(The second pattern affects the white matter of the frontal gyri)

Jubb says:
Enterotoxemia ("pulpy kidney" disease, "overeating" disease) caused by the toxins of Clostridium pe~ingens type D is an important disease of sheep and goats with a worldwide distribution. It occurs occasionally in calves, and very rarely in horses. Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia (FSE) of sheep is caused by the epsilon toxin of type D. Epsilon toxin binds to receptors on endothelial cells, especially in the brain and renal tubular epithelial cells.
The critical factor is almost certainly the presence of starch in the small intestine.

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10 mo old Jersey cow
ND + Cz

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ND: Infectious thrombotic meningoencephalitis
Cause: Histophilus somni (previously Haemophilus somnus)
Virulence factor (there are more): Lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS)→ caspase-3 activation and production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates → Apoptosis of bovine endothelial cells → Vasculitis → secondary thrombosis.
Predilection for thalamus and grey-white matter junction.

Jubb says:
Histophilus somni causes a septicemia that may result in acute death.
Can [..] cause infectious thrombotic meningoencephalitis (ITME), otitis externa, pneumonia, laryngitis/tracheitis, myocarditis, abortion, metritis/infertility,arthritis, mastitis, orchitis, and conjunctivitis.
Vasculitis with secondary thrombosis is the hallmark of the infection

Bacterial embolism does not occur but may be simulated microscopically by intravascular proliferation of bacteria at sites of thrombosis. Thus, the former name "thromboembolic meningoencephalitis" is inaccurate.

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Bovid: MD, most common found etiology

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MD: skin: multifocal to coalescing, moderate, chronic, granulomatous/histiocytic dermatitis with hyperkeratosis
E: Aspergillus spp.

Pathology in Practice
Alexandria D. Glover, Raquel R. Rech, Elizabeth W. Howerth Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Aug 2011, Vol. 239, No. 3, Pages 319-321

—Photographs of the head and neck of an aborted Holstein fetus (gestational age, approx 7 months; A) and the associated
placenta (B). Multiple to coalescing gray cutaneous plaques are present over the head of the fetus, and multiple to coalescing dry, thick,
yellow plaques cover the intercotyledonary area and most cotyledons of the placenta. One cotyledon is red and irregular.

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Sheep. Et?

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Sheep, placenta – intercotyledonary necrosis, placentitis
Coxiella burnetii

Included to see difference with previous card

Jubb:
Histo: acute diffuse suppurative placentitis with extensive necrosis of otyledonary villi and intercotyledonary epithelium. Gross: largely confined to the intercotyledonary region, but on histology also extensive in the cotyledons, especially at the periphery.

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Horse. MD / ND / Et

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MD: Severe, multinodular, chronic interstitial pneumonia with fibrosis
ND: equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF)
E ( most likely): Equine herpesvirus type 5


Pathology In Practice
Steven V. Kubiski et al. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Aug 2009, Vol. 235, No. 4, Pages 381-383

Front 20

Tissue from a caiman.
MD?

Back 20

Fat necrosis of the tail

(bron: Vet path descriptive course)

Front 21

Tissue from a horse.
MD?
ND?

Back 21

MD: Subluxation of cervical vertebrae with stenosis of the spinal canal and hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum
ND: Cervical stenotic myelopathy (geen punten voor Wobbler!)

(bron: Vet path descriptive course)

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Tissue from a puppy.
MD?
Name two possible causes.

Back 22

MD: Multifocal to coalescing necrohemorrhagic nephritis
2 causes: Canine herpesvirus-1, canine adenovirus-1

(bron: Vet path descriptive course)

Front 23

Tissue from a duck
MD?
Cause?

Back 23

MD: Multiple intramuscular sarcocysts
Cause: Sarcocysts rileyi

(bron: Vet path descriptive course)

Front 24

Tissue from a foal
MD?
Cause?

Back 24

MD: Diffuse suppurative embolic nephritis
Cause: Actinobacillus equuli

(bron: Vet path descriptive course)

Front 25

Tissue from a sheep
MD?
Cause?
Name the condition?

Back 25

MD: Focally extensive / multifocal facial dermatitis with photosensitization
Cause: Sporodesmin toxicosis (!!!! Vergeet ik steeds!!!)
Name the condition: Facial eczema

(bron: Vet path descriptive course)

Front 26

Tissue from a dog
MD?
Cause?

Back 26

MD: Focally extensive granulomatous pneumonia
Cause: Blastomyces dermatitis
(Bijna pathognomonisch - in ieder geval geen ander antwoord goed op examen)

(bron: Vet path descriptive course)

Front 27

Tissue from an ox.
MD?
Name a likely sequela.

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MD: Diffuse / multifocal ruminal epithelial necrosis
Sequela: Mycotic infections of forestomachs; hepatic or pulmonary abscessation

(bron: Vet path descriptive course)

Ezelsbrug van de magen-volgorde:
RUstig REnde OMA
rumen - reticulum - omasum - abomasum

Front 28

Tissue from a lamb.
MD?
Cause?

Back 28

MD: Multifocal to coalescing hepatic necrosis
Cause: Fusobacterium necrophorum
(de niet verheven duidelijk omlijnde letsels in een jong lammetje zijn quasi pathognomonisch - geen enkel ander antwoord op examen w goedgekeurd)

(bron: Vet path descriptive course)

Front 29

Tissue form a cat
Pathogenesis

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Renal failure -> elevated blood urea nitrogen -> breakdown by urease-secreting bacteria in mouth -> prduction of ammonia -> lingual ulceration

(bron: Vet path descriptive course)

Front 30

Tissue from a foal.
NC?
Histologic lesion?

Back 30

NC: Osteopetrosis
Histologic: unremodeled primary spongiosa due to lack of osteoclasts