Review For Tn 120-131 Test Civil Liberties And Civil Rights

Front 1

The incorporation doctrine involves

Back 1

application of the Bill of Rights to the states

Front 2

Thomas Jefferson argued that the First Amendment created a ʺwall of separationʺ between

Back 2

church and state.

Front 3

The significance of Gitlow v. New York (1925) was that

Back 3

a provision of the Bill of Rights was applied to the states for the first time

Front 4

In Lemon v. Kurtzman, the Supreme Court established that aid to church-related schools must
do all of the following EXCEPT

Back 4

have a secular purpose.
not advance religion.
not create excessive government entanglement with religion.
treat all religions equally

Front 5

The abridgment of citizensʹ freedom to worship, or not to worship, as they please is prohibited
by the

Back 5

free exercise clause.

Front 6

In dealing with First Amendment cases involving religion, the Supreme Court has ruled that

Back 6

while all religious beliefs are constitutionally protected, all religious practices are not.

Front 7

The Supreme Court has ruled that government aid to church-related schools

Back 7

is permitted when the aid is for a non-religious purpose

Front 8

________ refers to a governmentʹs censorship of material before it is published.

Back 8

Prior restraint

Front 9

The Supreme Court has permitted prior restraint of which of the following?

Back 9

high school newspapers

Front 10

In the case of New York Times v. United States in 1971, the Supreme Court ruled

Back 10

against prior restraint in the case of the Pentagon Papers, which allowed them to be
published.

Front 11

The publication of statements known to be false that are malicious and tend to damage a
personʹs reputation is called

Back 11

libel.

Front 12

Wearing an arm band and burning a United States flag are examples of ________: actions that
do not consist of speaking or writing but that express an opinion

Back 12

symbolic speech

Front 13

Unreasonable searches and seizures are specifically forbidden in the

Back 13

Fourth Amendment.

Front 14

To prevent abuse of police power, the Constitution requires that no court may issue ________
unless probable cause exists to believe that a crime has occurred or is about to occur

Back 14

a search warrant

Front 15

Unless they witness a crime, police officers cannot arrest a suspect without

Back 15

probable cause.

Front 16

In the case of ________, the Supreme Court ruled that the protection against unreasonable
search and seizure applied to the state and local governments, as well as the national
government, thus nationalizing the exclusionary rule.

Back 16

Mapp v. Ohio

Front 17

Ever since 1914, the courts have used ________ to prevent illegally seized evidence from being
introduced into the courtroom

Back 17

an exclusionary rule

Front 18

The Fifth Amendment forbids

Back 18

forced self-incrimination

Front 19

In the case of Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court ruled that

Back 19

police must inform any suspect of a series of rights, including the constitutional right to
remain silent.

Front 20

In the 1963 case of ________, the Supreme Court ruled that defendants in all felony cases had a
right to counsel, and if they could not afford to hire a lawyer, one must be provided.

Back 20

Gideon v. Wainwright

Front 21

The Eighth Amendment to the Constitution

Back 21

) forbids cruel and unusual punishment.

Front 22

In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that in the third trimester of pregnancy

Back 22

states can ban abortion except when the motherʹs health is in danger

Front 23

The idea that the Constitution guarantees a right to privacy was first enunciated in

Back 23

Griswold v. Connecticut

Front 24

) In the 1992 case of Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the Supreme Court ruled that abortion

Back 24

restrictions could be imposed by states if they did not involve ʺundue burdensʺ on the
women seeking abortions.

Front 25

Policies that extend basic rights to groups historically subject to discrimination are known as

Back 25

civil rights.

Front 26

The concept that everyone should have the same chance is called equality of

Back 26

opportunity.

Front 27

The Fourteenth Amendment specifically forbids the states from denying to anyone

Back 27

equal protection of the laws.

Front 28

The courts have recently ruled that, under the Fourteenth Amendment, racial and ethnic
classifications by states in regard to any matter

Back 28

are inherently suspect

Front 29

Equal protection of the laws

Back 29

does not deny states treating classes of citizens differently if the classification is
reasonable

Front 30

The ________ Amendment outlawed slavery in the United States.

Back 30

Thirteenth

Front 31

Jim Crow laws were those which

Back 31

were enacted by Southern whites in the late nineteenth century to segregate African
Americans from whites

Front 32

The Supreme Courtʹs decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson

Back 32

stated that the principle of separate but equal public facilities for African Americans was
constitutional

Front 33

In Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court

Back 33

ruled that school segregation was inherently unequal

Front 34

De facto educational segregation occurs

Back 34

by the reality of neighborhood schools located in areas that happen to be racially
segregated

Front 35

De jure educational segregation occurs

Back 35

by law.

Front 36

The ________ Amendment, adopted in 1870, guaranteed the right of African Americans to vote

Back 36

Fifteenth

Front 37

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 37

made racial discrimination illegal in places of public accommodation and
forbade discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, national origin,
religion, or gender.

Front 38

The legal right to vote is referred to as

Back 38

suffrage.

Front 39

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 39

guaranteed equal access to hotels, restaurants, and other public accommodations.

Front 40

To render African-American votes ineffective, several southern states used the ________, a
device that permitted political parties to choose their nominees in elections off limits to blacks.

Back 40

white primary

Front 41

One consequence of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was

Back 41

dramatic increase in the number of African Americans registered to vote

Front 42

The womenʹs rights movement was launched with the signing of the

Back 42

Seneca Falls Declaration

Front 43

The Nineteenth Amendment

Back 43

gave women the constitutional right to vote

Front 44

The feminist movement was reborn

Back 44

during the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s

Front 45

In ________, the Supreme Court ruled that any ʺarbitraryʺ sex -based classification violated the
equal protection clause

Back 45

Reed v. Reed

Front 46

In the case of Craig v. Boren, the Supreme Court ruled that

Back 46

it would employ a ʺmedium scrutinyʺ standard: sex discrimination would be treated as
neither valid nor invalid

Front 47

e ________ banned gender discrimination in employment by law.

Back 47

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Front 48

Which of the following statements about the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) is FALSE?

Back 48

The ERA was ratified in 1982.

Front 49

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Back 49

prohibited employment discrimination against the disabled

Front 50

Supporters of affirmative action believe that

Back 50

affirmative action produces so important a social goal that some reverse discrimination is
acceptable