Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are some possible complications of an MI? |
Heart failure, arrhythmias, thrombus formation, structural damage to the heart Note: Arrhythmias are most likely to affect therapy as they are most common (90% of pts. s/p MI) |
|
|
How far above baseline value should a BP cuff be inflated? |
15-25 mm Hg |
|
|
During a session, the patient suddenly begins to demonstrate signs of intolerance to being upright. What might these be?
|
Tachycardia, dizziness, nausea, syncope |
|
|
Which conditions would MOST likely result post-operatively if a patient’s hemoglobin level was low?
|
Hypoxia or anemia |
|
|
With what conditions might diuretics be prescribed? |
CHF, hypertension, possibly liver or kidney disease |
|
|
What is a normal left ventricular ejection fraction? What LVEF is indicative of heart failure? |
Normal: 60-70% CHF: < 40% |
|
|
A PTA documents the following clinical signs: pallor, cyanosis, and cool skin. These clinical signs are MOST consistent with:
|
Anemia Other s/s are vertigo, weakness, HA, malaise |
|
|
During Phase I cardiac rehab, what drop in systolic BP is acceptable? |
10 mm Hg |
|
|
Why should a PTA not increase the amount of oxygen even if the patient’s oxygen saturation level falls below their acceptable range?
|
The increased levels of oxygen may depress the hypoxic drive in patients with chronically high PaCO2.
|
|
|
For cardiac patients, exercise is sometimes measured by METs. Give examples of activities that require moderate energy expenditure (3.0-5.9). MET = metabolic equivalent of task |
Heavy housework (wash windows, vacuum) Walking at 2.5-3.4 mph Mowing lawn Playing golf Bicycling at 10-12 mph Badminton or doubles tennis |
|
|
What vital signs should be monitored when using a tilt table? |
BP and pulse Note: Also monitor for change in consciousness, perspiration, LE edema, loss of pedal pulses, nausea, numbness, pale skin, and vertigo. |
|
|
Intermittent claudication during exercise is usually the result of what condition? |
Ischemia caused by arterial PVD (arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis) |
|
|
What is the primary reason for using a tilt table? |
The primary use of a tilt table is to provide low grade stress to a patient’s circulatory system to force it to adapt to upright positioning.
|
|
|
After recovering from a cardiac event, most patients can return to work as long as the average demand of their job is no greater than ___ of the peak METs achieved on a graded exercise test. |
50% |
|
|
Why is it important to include a cool-down period in any exercise program? |
1. Prevents pooling of blood in extremities 2. Prevents myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, and other CV complications |
|
|
If a patient has functional limitations or disabilities, why should a maximal exercise test not be performed? |
Patient performance may be limited by fatigue or pain rather than exertion. (Leading to an inaccurate measure of max O2 consumption.) |
|
|
What four parameters should be included when assessing respiration rate? |
Rate, rhythm, depth, and character |
|
|
What are some words a patient might use to describe a vascular pattern of pain? |
Throbbing, pounding, pulsing, beating, etc. |
|
|
What is the most appropriate method to utilize when measuring exercise intensity with a patient on hemodialysis?
|
Rating of perceived exertion (HR and BP are too variable when a pt. is on dialysis.) |
|
|
What are the clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure? |
Dyspnea (exertional progressing to paroxysmal nocturnal) Fatigue Muscular weakness Pulmonary edema |
|
|
What are the clinical manifestations of right-sided heart failure or cor pulmonale? |
Exertional dyspnea Fatigue Palpitations Swelling of LEs Dizziness & syncope |
|
|
Abnormal levels of ______ can cause palpitations and cardiac arrhythmia. |
Potassium; normal is from 3.5-5.0 mEq/L. |
|
|
What are some common side effects of diuretics such as Lasix that are given to decrease blood volume? |
Lightheadedness, fatigue, weakness, hypotension, electrolyte imbalance, polyuria, increased LDL, and arrhythmias |
|
|
Deep and fast breathing that is often associated with metabolic acidosis. Pt. may exhibit dyspnea, panting, and labored respiration. |
Kussmaul's respiration |
|
|
Cycles of increasing and decreasing rate and depth of breathing with periods of apnea |
Cheyne-Stokes respiration. This may occur with CNS damage or congestive heart failure. |
|
|
Dyspnea that occurs during recumbency that is relieved with sitting upright |
Orthopnea (Typically 2nd to cardiopulmonary disease) |
|
|
What might produce a sharp, sudden pain that begins at the sternum, radiates, and increases with inspiration? |
Pericarditis (Inflammation of the pericardium of the heart) |
|
|
What are some interventions to use for a patient who is experiencing orthostatic hypotension due to prolonged bed rest? |
Elastic stockings Abdominal binder Tilt table |
|
|
Dramatic blanching of the plantar aspect of the foot occurs when the leg is elevated for 1 minute. What is this test and what does it signify? |
Rubor dependency test for peripheral arterial disease |
|
|
What should the frequency and intensity of exercise be for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder if trying to improve cardiovascular endurance? |
Frequency: 3-5x per week Intensity: 11-13 on the RPE scale |
