Industrial Drawings

Front 1

Method used by the technical Fields to convey information about products or design

Back 1

DRAFTING

Front 2

Drawn or executed without guiding measurements

Back 2

FREEHAND

Front 3

Commonly used paper

Back 3

OSLO

Front 4

Used to fastened the drawing paper on the table

Back 4

Masking tape

Front 5

Clean the dirt of the drawing

Back 5

ERASER

Front 6

One of the most important in drawing

Back 6

Drawing pencil

Front 7

Main function is to reproduce measurements of an object

Back 7

Rectangular scale

Front 8

Used for drawing

Back 8

Drawing instruments

Front 9

Drawing instruments used in horizontal lines

Back 9

T-square

Front 10

Drawing instruments when making vertical lines

Back 10

Triangles

Front 11

Drawing instruments when drawing drawing arcs and circles

Back 11

Compass

Front 12

Used when transferring measurements

Back 12

Divider

Front 13

Determine gradation of the degrees when measuring arcs, angles and tricks

Back 13

Protractor

Front 14

A long narrow mark or band

Back 14

Lines

Front 15

Is not straight and is bent

Back 15

Curved lines

Front 16

Is the one goes straight up and down

Back 16

Vertical lines

Front 17

Runs from left to right across the page

Back 17

Horizontal lines

Front 18

At an angle horizontal; slanted or sloped

Back 18

Inclined lines

Front 19

Moves one hand with gentle and pressure

Back 19

Stroke

Front 20

A device or implement especially one held in the hand used to carry out particular function

Back 20

Tools

Front 21

The matter from which a thing is or can be made

Back 21

Materials

Front 22

The necessary items for a particular purpose

Back 22

Equipment

Front 23

A gray crystaline allopathic form of carbon which occurs as a mineral in some rocks can be made from coke use as a solid fabricated in pencils and a a moderator in nuclear reactors

Back 23

Graphite

Front 24

Metric System of Measurement (linear equivalent)

Back 24

10 millimeters (mm.) = 1centimeter (cm.) 10 centimeters (cm.) = 1 decimeter (dm.) 10 decimeter (dm.) = 1 meter (m.) 10 meters (m.) = 1 decameter (Dm.) 10 decameter (Dm.) = 1 hectometer (Hm.) 10 hectometer (Hm.) = 1 kilometer (Km.) 10 kilometer (Km.) = 1 mayriameter (Mn.)

Front 25

Metric System of Measurement (linear equivalent)

Back 25

12 inches (in.) = 1 foot (ft.) 3 feet (ft.) = 1 yard (yd.)

Front 26

Metric Conversion Table

Back 26

1 millimeter = 0.03937 inches (in.) 1 centimeter = .3937 inches (in.) 1 meter = 39.37 inches (in.)

Front 27

English Conversion Table

Back 27

1 inch (in.) = .0254 mm. = 2.54 cm. = .0254 (m.) 1 foot (ft.) = 304.8 mm. = 30.48 cm = .3048 (m.) 1 yard (yd.) = 914.4 mm = 91.4 cm = .9144 (m.)

Front 28

The combination of the Latin alphabet and the runic alphabet of Futhorc resulted in the modern English alphabet. Some of the additions from the runic alphabets were 'thorn' that had a 'th' sound and 'wynn' that made a 'w' sound. Remember that there was no letter 'w' in the Latin alphabet.

Back 28

Old English

Front 29

When the Normans invaded Britain in 1066 AD, the lowborn were using Old English. The scholars, clergy and nobility were writing and speaking in Latin or Norman.

Back 29

Middle English

Front 30

In the 15 century, the printing press was introduced to Great Britain by William Caxton. By this time, the English language was standardized. From being used interchangeably, the letters V and U were separated, with the former becoming a consonant while using U as a vowel.

Back 30

Modern English

Front 31

The term 'alphabet' came from the first two letters of the Phoenician alphabet – 'Aleph' and 'Beth.' While some languages have their own set of alphabets, the most commonly used is the Latin alphabet, which is also shared by several languages aside from English.

Back 31

What's alphabet

Front 32

Characteristics of a good lettering

Back 32

1. Neatness 2. Legibility 3. Uniformity in height and inclination 4. Correctly proportioned 5. Properly constructed 6. Correctly spaced

Front 33

The two proportion of thickness

Back 33

Boldface- This refers to the letters which are printed with heavy stem

Lightface- This refers to the letters which are printed with thin stem.

Front 34

used in writing different various styles of letters

Back 34

Speed ball

Front 35

used for sign painting

Back 35

Lettering brush

Front 36

used for sign painting

Back 36

Felt point pen

Front 37

used as guide for letter transfer

Back 37

Letter template

Front 38

used to direct letter transfer

Back 38

Letter transfer

Front 39

used for lettering and sketching

Back 39

Pencil

Front 40

Used for gothic letters

Back 40

Technical pen

Front 41

used for engineering and architectural lettering

Back 41

Leroy lettering pen

Front 42

First letter should be studied

Back 42

I, L, T, F, E, and H. These letters are the easiest to draw because the basic strokes are vertical and horizontal

Front 43

Next group that should be studied

Back 43

P, R, B, U and J requires close study because of the introduction of the curved line aside from the three already given.

Front 44

The last group

Back 44

C, G, O, Q, D and S which are based on the circle.

Front 45

It is suggested therefore that its width should be greater than the other letters by 25 percent.

Back 45

The M and W must be printed wider than the other letters.The letter I is the thinnest letter.

Front 46

This particular proportion should be applied only when the space is limited. The letters are printed with closer distance and its width is narrower than the normal size.

Back 46

Compressed or condensed

Front 47

This proportion is applied when there is a more space. The width of the letter is wider than the height.

Back 47

Extended

Front 48

This proportion is applied when there is normal space. The letter is printed in the normal size.

Back 48

Normal

Front 49

Letters should be made steady, firm in characters, fixed. The upper portion of certain letters and numerals are equal in width to the lower portion.

Back 49

Stability

Front 50

The Rule of Stability of letters

Back 50

Upper case letters

Lower case letters

Base case letters

Front 51

This style is the most artistic among the four groups of letters. Similar to Spanish script, it is also used for certificates, diplomas, citations, greetings and invitation cards.

Back 51

Text or old English

Front 52

It is considered as artistic letters. It is purposely used for certificates, diplomas, citations, greetings and invitation cards.

Back 52

Spanish script

Front 53

The thickness of these letters is not uniform. they have pointed stem which is called “serif”. They must be used for books, magazine, newspapers, and text matters.

Back 53

Roman letters

Front 54

Two forms of gothic letters:

Back 54

*Commercial Gothic. It is printed with heavy stem. It is used for advertisement purposes only.

*Single Stroke. It is printed with thin stem. It is used for engineering drawing purposes.