Respiratory System Structures: Upper, Lower & Acessory

Front 1

Respiratory system structures

Back 1

Anatomic: upper, lower, acessory, blood supply

Funcional: conducting airways (anatomic dead space) from nose to terminal bronchioles

Gas Exchange Airways: repiratory bronchioles, alveoli & alveolar ducts

Front 2

Upper respiratory tract

Back 2

(conducting airways)
Nose
Paranasal sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
Treachea

Front 3

The Lower

Back 3

(conducting airways and gas exchange airways)
bronchi
Alveoli
lungs
pleura
pleural cavity

Front 4

Acessory Structures

Back 4

(contributes to the mechanics of breathing)
Thorax
Rib cage
Intercostal muscles
Diaphragm

Front 5

*Nose*

Back 5

passageway for air exchange; filters, humidifies (requires about 250mL a day), and heats inspired air.

Front 6

Nasal hair

Back 6

traps airborn particles in mucus and cilia propels them into nasopharynx, where they are expelled by coughing or diverted into the GI tract

Front 7

Sense of smell

Back 7

oldfactory nerve receptors

Front 8

*Paranasal Sinuses*

Back 8

air-filled cavities in frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones that contribute to mucas production and voice resonance.

Front 9

*Pharynx*

Back 9

nasopharynx, laryngopharynx (passage for air), and oropharynx (passage for food)

adenoids in the nasopharynx and tonsils in the oropharynx contain lympathic tissue that contribute to immune functions

Front 10

*Larynx*

Back 10

vibration of vical cords within the larynx produces the voice; remains open only when air is passing through.

*Epiglottis* closes during swallowing to prevent the passage of food into trachea

Front 11

*Trachea*

Back 11

passageway between the upper and lower respiratory tract; divides into the right and left mainstream bronchus

Front 12

*Bronchi

Back 12

passageway for air from trachea through the right mainsteam bronchus and left mainstrem bronchus (conducting airways) into the lungs. Mainstem bronchi branch into smaller bronchioles that eventually terminate in the aleoli.

Front 13

right Bronchi

Back 13

is more evenly aligned with the trachea, making it a more common passage for aspirated gastric contents and dislocated endotracheal tubes

Front 14

terminal bronchioles

Back 14

gas exchange airways: have a semi-permeable membrane and participate in gas exchange

Front 15

*Alveoli

Back 15

air filled sacs in the lungs; oxygen diffuses from alveoli (gas exchange airways) into the blood across the alveolar-capillary membrane (primary site of gas exchange). Carbon dioxide diffuses across capillary membrane into the alveoli.

Front 16

what is the shape of the alveoli and why does it matter?

Back 16

spheriacal: provides greater surface area for gas exchange

Front 17

alveloar cell Type I

Back 17

squamous epithelium cells that participates in gas exchange

Front 18

alveloar cell Type II

Back 18

manufacture Type II alveolar cells and surfactant, a lipoprotein substance that decreases alveolar surface tension, an essential element in gas exchange

Front 19

*Lungs

Back 19

function is air exchange; reoxygenate blood and neutralize some vasoactive substances;
-right lung is divided into 3 lobes-upper middle and lower
-left lobe is divided into 2 lobes-upper & lower

Front 20

upper area of lung is called

lower is called

Back 20

apex

base

Front 21

*Pleura

Back 21

2 layer membrane covering the lung and thoracic cavity;
-visceral pleura attaches to the external lung surface;
-parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity
-pleural fluid lubricates pleural layers and holds them together during inspiration and expiration

Front 22

Rib cage*

Back 22

12 Pairs of ribs and the strenum provide skeletal support and protestion for the heart and lungs.

Front 23

Intercostal muscles *

Back 23

located between the ribs, contraction facilitates chest expansion during inspiration by increasing the anterior -posterior and lateral diameter of the chest

Front 24

Diaphragm*

Back 24

seperates the thoratic from the abdominal cavity; brain's respiratory center controls contraction of diaphragm via the phrenic nerve flattens during inspiration to allow greater chest expansion during inspiration; an inatc nervous system is essential to proper function of the idiaphragm